Marine pollution

Introduction of man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the ocean environment (including estuaries) resulting in such harmful effects as harm to living resources, hazard to human health, verification to marine activities including fishing, impairment of quality for use of sea- peeing, and reduction of amenities. Marine contamination occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the naval of chemicals, particles, industrial, outlandish and residential raging, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine ollution be land based. In the past many substances were recklessly dumped in the ocean and it was assumed that they could be easily absorbed without any damage to the marine environment. Ocean dumping includes such materials as sewage sludge, industrial drive away, explosives, and peculiarly huge quantities of dredge spoils.Marine pollution includes a range of threats including from land-based source s, oil spills, untreated sewage, heavy siltation, eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), Invasive species, persistent organic pollutants (POPS), heavy metals from mine tailings and other sources, cidification, radioactive substances, marine litter, overfishing and destruction of coastal and marine habitats There ar three main types of inputs of pollution into the ocean Direct discharge of waste into the oceans, =Pollutants enter rivers and the sea directly from urban sewerage and industrial waste discharges, sometimes in the form of hazardous and toxic wastes. ining for copper, gold. etc. , is another(prenominal) source of marine pollution. Most of the pollution is simply soil, which ends up in rivers flowing to the sea. Runoff into the waters due to rain, Surface runoff from farming, as well as urban runoff and runoff from the construction of roads, buildings, ports, channels, and harbours, faeces carry soil and particles laden with one C, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals.Thi s nutrient-rich water can cause leaden algae and phytoplankton to thrive in coastal aras, known as algal blooms, which nave the potential to create hypoxic conditions by using all available group O Pollutants that are released from the atmosphere =Wind winded dust and debris, including plastic bags, are blown seaward from landfills and other areas. Climate change is raising ocean temperatures and raising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These rising levels of carbon dioxide are acidifying the oceans.This, in turn, is altering aquatic ecosystems and modifying fish distributions, with impacts on the sustainability of fisheries and the livelihoods of the communities that depend on them Ships pollution Ships can defile waterways and oceans in many ways. Oil spills can have devastating effects. era being toxic to marine life, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean p, and last for years in the sedimentation and m arine environment. Major effect- Impairment of marine life.Plankton, esp. neuston at highest risk undetermined to water soluble components leaching from oil. In Mangroves lenticels clogged with oil group O level in sediments drops death. Discharge of cargo residues from bulk carriers can defile ports, waterways and oceans. In many instances vessels intentionally discharge illegal wastes despite unusual and domestic regulation prohibiting such actions. It has been estimated that container ships lose over 10,000 containers at sea each year (usually during storms).Ships also create noise pollution that disturbs innate(p) wildlife Ballast water taken up at sea and released in port is a major source of unwanted exotic marine life. The invasive freshwater zebra mussels, native to the Black, Caspian and Azov seas, were probably transported to the Great Lakes via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel Invasive species can take over once occupied areas, facilitate the spread of ov erbold diseases, introduce new genetic material, alter underwater seascapes and Jeopardize the ability of native species to maintain food.