To What Extent did American Materialism Lead to the Soviet Union's Research Proposal

To What Extent did American Materialism Lead to the Soviet piths Negative View of horse opera Capitalism during the 1970s and 1980s - Research Proposal Exampleto have a highly contradict view of the United States in particular and Western Capitalism in general due to its thought of American materialism as strong as other factors detailed downstairs. In many respect the Soviet Unions negative view of Western Capitalism whether or not it was caused by American Materialism predated the 1970s and also the 1980s. The Soviet Union was supposed to represent the great communistic alternative to Western Capitalism, and its alleged shortcomings including American Materialism and the suppression of the working masses. Reasons for the Soviet Unions negative view of Western Capitalism were linked to the dislike of American Materialism and the other factors mentioned below as tumefy.The communist ideology that formed the basis of the Soviet Unions doctrines undoubtedly owed a great deal to the ideas and theories of Karl Marx, the co-author of the communistic Manifesto and sole author of the volumes Das Kapital. Both the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital demonstrated the strong link between Karl Marx and historical materialism in his attempts to crowd the rise of the task at the expense of the capitalist classes. Officially the Marxist Leninist ideology of the Soviet Union always hated American Materialism and its Marxist worldview makes that easy to understand.1Economic status, class positions, as well as material factors should be the only things, which actually mattered for communists on the road to the inevitable victory of the proletariat over their capitalist oppressors. Karl Marx stressed that historical materialism was the only valid method of understanding the past, the present, as well as the future of the human species. It was the key to a communist present as well as a communist future until the end of time.Karl Marx and historical materialism as the Soviet lead pointed out officially stressed that the ultimate victory of the proletariat would mean the end of organised piety and poverty as

Module participants' are required to produce a structured reflection Essay

Module participants are required to produce a structured reflection on their own personal group experiences. A structured ref - probe ExampleAnd it is generalisations that allow new situations to be tackled effectively.(Gibbs 1988) The following essay presents a reflection of my experiences in a group assignment undertook as part of a Cross Cultural Issues module. On reflection I realise that, during the project, our group went through Tuckmans (1965) four stages of group development. namely Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing. During the formation process, several issues arose which resulted in lack of critical analysis on the research, and unsystematic decision making within the group. In this constitution I am going use Gibbs (1988) model of reflection in order to look at the issues and to find solutions to overcome the problems in future. This evaluation is the first step in ascertaining how my beliefs and assumptions as well as my background and experiences may impact on my future organisational functioning as I search for a career in management. I will use cognitive complexity (Bieri 1955) by utilising a unspecific variety of theories of practice to support my reflection. Figure Gibbs reflective model 1 Contents Page 1 Abstract.....................................................................................................2 2 Contents page...........................................................................................3 3 Introduction...............................................................................................4 4 Problem & context....................................................................................4 5 Self-awareness..........................................................................................5 6 Evaluation..................................................................................................6 7 Analysis............................................................................ ..........................9 8 Conclusion................................................................................................10 9 Action plan................................................................................................11 10 Appendix...................................................................................................13 11 Bibliography.............................................................................................14 12 Reference list...........................................................................................17 1 Introduction Diversity in the piece of work has taken on new importance (Thomas 2004) as changing economic circumstances prompt some(prenominal) companies to downsize and restructure themselves into flatter, more decentralized entities. The result is that todays corporations are built around groups that must find answers to legend and complicated business issues. These teams bring together diverse groups of people who incorporate a variety of backgrounds, ideas, and personalities. A reflection on my study would provide important bearing for me in preparation for workplace dynamics. 1 Problem & context As part of the Cross Cultural issues module, we had to prepare a group demo based on a critical analysis of the cross cultural issues a UK based unwavering would encounter establishing an Indian subsidiary. My diverse group of six comprised of three females one British (X), one pop (Y) and one Brazilian (Z). and three males two British (J and A) and one Zimbabwean

Psychoanalytic Literary Analysis of Rites of Passage Essay

psychoanalytic Literary Analysis of Rites of release - Essay ExampleRites of Passage is a poem written by Sharon Olds that can be effectively examined by this technique. On the surface, the poem speaks of six and seven year sometime(a) boys attending the birthday party of the generators news. These boys are beginning to show many of the aspects of freehanded men. However, evaluating the text from a psychoanalytic standpoint shows underlying themes of hostility, problems let go of the writers son and a lack of closure. One theme that emerges as part of Rites of Passage is hostility. Although the young boys are presented as innocent and simply evolution up, the author appears to show a certain level of anger towards what these boys provide become. The phrase the dark saloon, round and heavy as a turret is one example of this. This cake is an interesting aspect of the poem, as it is mentioned only once, and does not seem fully relevant to the rest of the poem, which is rivet on the boys themselves. The cake appears to be an item of war and of hostility by the use of the term turret, as well as the dullness of its description. No information is given about what type of cake it is or any other aspects of its appearance, suggesting that this was not relevant to the writer. This concept of war is further developed later in the poem, with the description of the boys clearing their throats as generals would, and of them playing war. This theme suggests that the author is uncomfortable with the concept of her son growing up, in particular of the type of man that he might grow to become. One interpretation is that the writer has had negative experiences with violent men in her past and is afraid that one day her son leave become one of these. A second theme that can be observed through a psychoanalytical approach to this poem is that the writer is having a difficult time letting go of her son. She spends a portion of the poem describing his physical appearance , including the freckles on his cheeks, his narrow chest and long hands. The first of these aspects is highly affectionate, suggesting a deep love for her son. However, the second and third appear to be more reserved and analytical. She compares the boys chest to the keel of a balsa-wood boat, a form of wood that is fragile and light. The consideration of him like a boat also suggests that he is moving away from her, into open waters. Finally, the third description focuses on the boys hands, and also of the day that the boy was guided out of her when she gave birth to him. The use of this term suggests a deep sense that the boy is still being guided away from her. Coupled with the hostility theme, this could refer that the writer feels her son is being pulled away from her to be a man that she does not want him to be. disdain the progression of the poem, there is no evidence of closure. The author does not resolve any of the issues with her son leave or his growing up, giving the impression that she does not feel there is any alternative to letting him grow as he will. Using psychoanalytic literary analysis techniques on the poem Rites of Passage reveals potential underlying emotions that the author had on events described in the text. The aggressive and warlike symbolism provides

Module 1 and Module 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 1 and Module 2 - Essay Examplehe assumptions that things must be done unalikely or new things done which at the end of the day drive to study (Berthoin, Ariane, & Katrin, 1997). The first topic, changing the consulting story, generally talks about the consulting role and postulates that consulting is about experts giving advice and further states that any time one is asked to help and do not convey direct responsibility for the outcome, then that is consulting.The cardinal most popular categorizations that distinguish the different types of the roles of consultants is content vs. offshoot and the directive/non-directive continuum. While the roles of the content cogitate consultants involve the provision of expertise advise and delivering specific service for the client organization which could be interchangeable designing a new system for the organization, process consulting on the other hand has been basically associated with the different activities by the consultant that seek to help the client perceive, understand and act upon the process events occurring in the surroundings of the client (Berthoin, Ariane, & Katrin, 1997). The recent past has however seen the emergence of a trend towards the recognition of the complementarity of content and process consulting thus making consultants to find it necessary to acquire skills on both modes.As postulated by the condition in the topic, it is true that the consulting profession is not a regulated industry and that consulting projects are as a results not publicly scrutinized. This could lead to potential for abuse especially when opportunistic snake-oil salespeople operate alongside exceedingly reputable professionals. The author goes further to suggest that from the perspective it would be prudent that clients exercise due applications programme whenever seeking the help of consultants. However, numerous studies on the consultancy profession has postulated that the profession just like the othe r professions have evolved as a result of government regulations. This arises from the

Critiquing an article - The Nature and Significance of Listening Assignment

Critiquing an member - The Nature and Significance of Listening Skills in Accounting Practice - Assignment Examplegths and weaknesses in the look into article have also been made to put forward a concise and objective nest for the understanding, particularly in the field of accounting. In last section, a conclusion has been drawn which is a abstract of opinions and inferences on strengths and weaknesses of the article deduced during the research.Among technical fields and their professionals communication process is complex. There are many barriers in seamless and effective communication enchantment communicating with general public. Special courses related to communication skills are included in curriculum in order to make these professionals closer to layman. In this, afore mentioned paper, public accountants were surveyed to adjudicate their communication abilities and adapting ability with the clients (Banderlipe, 2014). Following aspects, among accountants, were made moot point of the researchThese aspects will help researchers, accountants and scholarly person in the field of accountancy to understand nature and significance of listening skills to overcome communication barriers and abide for effective communication and transfer of information among peers. An important point that has been revealed is the issue of accountants style to listen. It is cognise among higher executives that barriers of this kind hamper in making decisions and establishing better business prospects. Also it is known as most important tool after problem solving and thinking. Listening is there for a holistic activity that helps in taking decisions. Better listening can help in noting shaver details about any problem and situation. In the field of communication, concentration is of foremost importance while keeping in view the probability of missing any detail. Accountants are therefore required to eat up these skills before getting decisive in decision making and thin king (processing and dissemination of information).The research conducted has been decisive about the role of communication and

The Triple Constraints Model of Project Management Essay - 1

The Triple Constraints modelling of Project Management - Essay ExampleAs outline above the fist place is that of the pop itself which he defines as an endeavourdesigned to produce some novel, unitary objective from which we expect to come new benefits (p. 5). The key is to understand what needs to be accomplished (the plan) and the amount of time to accomplish it spell still ensuring quality. Flexibility, innovation, cooperation and a sense of urgency ar important characteristics. Turner (1991) stresses that the project manager must focus on the results, what it is the project is to accomplish. Focusing on anything less increases the opportunity for failure or disputeensure that all work done delivers essential project objectives (Turner, 1991 7). To accomplish this five essential functions are involved scope of the work, the organization (the people who do the work), quality, cost and duration (Turner, 1991 7). The last three he stresses, although important, are merely const raints without the project or people there would be no project. The second dimension of this theory is the management process, which takes the vision or dream and makes it the reality, the outcome. This encompasses a four part process for booming outcome, each important and overlapping requiring process definition that looks beyond department boundaries to a seamless scarper requiring cooperation and multiple, simultaneous effort by teamwork. These for stages begin with the proposed idea and beginning of the project move onto execution and process.

Book Report for Creative Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Report for Creative Business - Essay ExampleIts spawning untested businesses, transforming existing is, saving companies m adepty, and creating wealth. Its changing the way people shop for daybooks, cars, vacations, advice-just about everything. Its forcing companies of all sizes and types to face late competition, explore new business opportunities, and adopt new ways of conducting business. In the span of just a few years, these changes had touched every business and industry.Cameron Footes The Business Side of Creativity The Complete Guide to campaign a slender Graphic Design or Communications Business (2002) is a landmark book that contributes to the idea of graphic designers of how they could manage their own small business in the Information Age. Starting a new business or successfully managing a small company in like a shots global economy could be a cumbersome challenge and it definitely requires immense creativity and willingness to exploit new opportunities. Sm all companies often lack the resources to buffer themselves from competition. Further much, once a new product or process is brought to the market, competitors study only a short time to be up and running with something similar. Thus, the biggest challenge for small businesses today is to make a product or provide a service that is hard to imitate.Footes book is divide into five sections. ... He tackled the things one had to know in starting and running a single- person operation in graphic design. It includes the norms, standards, and appropriate expectations. There are some helpful tips strewn over like Just remember that the only place youll ever find that is 100 percent free of politics is your own, single-person office. Youll have more time for personal work. When you work alone, you can work very productively (p. 20). He reminded that the fact that one has decided to stake his or her future on freelancing shows he or she is to be a person with high energy and an entrepreneu rial spirit. It also marks us as the type of person whose ego worth depends on what we can do best.In Section 2 of his book, Foote tackled the pricing and the taxation plowshare of this kind of business. This section of the book gives the readers an overview of how to charge for time, explains the preparation estimates, and keeping more of what one makes in managing a freelance designer job. In pricing, for instance, he suggested before sitting down to determine how much to charge, one must look at the big picture. Many individuals assume that pricing is the most important reckon in business success. When a designer decides that Ill make up with higher volume what I dope off through lower rates, it could mean two flaws. First, working harder at lower prices often results in creative burnout. It may be financially successful, but for how long and at what price Second, a record for low-price work attracts smaller, less sophisticated, and more demanding clients (p. 99). In Section 3, Foote tackled the marketing and selling strategies in this type of business. He gave some tips where the opportunities are, the portfolio preparation and presentation,

Song analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Song analysis - Essay ExampleThe song in question, written and produced by a group known as Aviation and entitled You were my Everything will be the focus of this peculiar(prenominal) analysis. It is the apply of this author that the reader will gain a more certified discretion with relation to the ideas and core levels of understanding/emotions that the songwriter attempted to convey rather than merely a cursory level of understanding with respect to the fact that a simple love song has been represented. In much the same way that a literary critique seeks to focus a level of interchange and analysis upon the mechanisms that the writer uses, the core themes that are leveraged, and the use of language as a means of promoting understanding the following analysis will engage in much the same manner of consideration with regards to this particular song.Firstly, the song itself starts with a brief introit that is spoken rather than sung. Although this may not seem as an chief(prenom inal) aspect of analyzing the particular song, it serves a vital function as it helps to set the stage with respect to the schooling that will be presented, the tone, and the ultimate understanding that can be drawn from the contents of the song. Beginning by stating that the singer has lost something that is dear to him, the listener is instantly engage with the understanding that love loss and the hope of gaining at once again will come to be represented within the song itself. However, some other element that is presented directly before the singing commences has to do with the frustration and inability of the singer/songwriter to show up his emotions in any other way. Out of exasperation, the singer finally says its justI dupet even know just listen. This level of hopelessness with regards to seeking to explain the direct that the singer/songwriter understands only all too well but is probably quite onerous for anyone else to engage helps to foreshadow the angst and

Case Analysis (another one) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis (another one) - Case Study ExampleBefore 2007, the unfluctuating accomplished same growth rate that exceeded five percent for 15 consecutive years. This growth helped the company to impart its brand in the market, setting it apart from its rivals. The company maintained standardization, which helped it build its brand regardless of its speedy expansion. A lucrative business, the company has manage to merge growth and profitability with its competitive advantage, particularly by espousing strong ethical values (Ivey 7). In the recent years, however, Starbucks is showing weaknesses attributed to high prices, market saturation, and long waits in its stores due to the inexperience of its baristas and managers. The quality of coffee is low, and the food the company provides highly unattractive. With respect to opportunities, coffee horticulture is growing at a rapid pace globally, providing Starbucks with a chance to go up-market and compete with formal coffee wholes, espec ially in the luxurious European market and emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Russia. In this case, Starbucks will manage to cope with the threats posed by Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds, and Peets Coffee & Tea, as well as those resulting from financial crisis and the companys overexposure in the market (Ivey 8).Based on the strategic issues that Starbucks is encountering, which contribute to its downfall, the firm should hire additional managers and train its baristas appropriately to help streamline its menus, fill orders faster, and improve the overall operate delivered to clients. The organization should also offer more products and services beyond coffee to address the diverse call for of its clients. The company should also provide its clients with natural food that does not affect their health negatively. In addition, the firm should lower the prices of its products and enforce fair workplace arrangements for it to create a

Analysis of Medical Malpractice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Analysis of Medical Malpractice - gaucherie Study ExampleMr. metalworker signed a consent form but only agree to the operating theatre because Mrs. metalworker had privately threatened to divorce him if he did not. ?As a result of the operation (which was competently performed), Mr. metalworkers tear drain improved, but he suffered a side rear of poor night vision. The risk of night vision problems was 2 percent, but mevery doctors consider it a minor problem as it has a limited adverse effect (due to the fact that people ar usu wholey asleep at ? night) and the operation is highly effective at improving tear drainage. Mr. Smith is a taxi driver and insists that he would not ease up had the operation had he known the risk. He is no longer able to work at night and has suffered a loss of income. ?In July, Mr. Smith visited Dr. genus Zeus, his GP, complaining that his left eye was still sore. Dr. Zeus suspected cancer of the eyelid. The computers were down so Dr. Zeus wrote a not e to his receptionist asking him to request a referral to a specialist for Mr. Smith, but the note got lost. As a result, the referral was delayed by 4 weeks. ?In August, Mr. Smith was seen by Dr. Foster who diagnosed an aggressive malignant eyelid cancer (which was unrelated to Mr. Smiths previous tear drainage problem). Expert designate is that symptoms of the eyelid cancer would have been visible to a reasonably competent ophthalmologist when the tear drainage surgery was performed. ...Here, within different realms of medical malpractice, each aspect of the case will be discussed. Mr. Smithwho seeks financial compensation and complains about his treatmentwill be advised to point out all of the following elements to the General Medical Council. II. Negligence Basically, there are four components or criteria of negligence which mustiness be met in order to establish that a patient has a case for medical malpractice (or any kind of tort) (Donoghue v. Stevenson, 2011, pp. 1). Donog hue v. Stevenson was a classic case in the sense that the plaintiff had found snails in her bottled beverage, and claimed that the come with owed her damages due to negligence. In a similar manner, Mr. Smith has every right to be hard put with not only Dr. Foster, but Mrs. Smith, Dr. Zeus, and Dr. Zeuss obviously incompetent staff. First of all, Dr. Foster should have mentioned that there was a 2 percent chance that his night vision might be affected. disappointment to alert him to this fact is definitely negligent on his part. In addition, Mrs. Smith, his wife, is not only involving herself in the miserable behavior of blackmailing her husband to have the surgery or else divorce himbut she is also criminally apt as a tortfeasor (a person who commits a tort) because she was a consultant ophthalmologist overseeing the surgery prime(prenominal) to Dr. Foster, and she did not report the fact that she saw cancer on her husbands eyelid.

Writing Assignment #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Writing Assignment 2 - try on ExampleProducts in oligopolistic market structures will unremarkably have very fewer or no substitutes as in the case of oil. The automobile industry in the world also evidences oligopolistic tendencies with a few large car manufactures selling similar auto models across the world. In most cases, players in much(prenominal) industries are torn between competing separately to win the market and coming together to create a monopolistic situation. Normally, the latter case never works as most companies rebrand constantly to differentiate themselves from their competitors. This is all the way seen in the automobile industry where different auto makers are customizing their brands to suite specific categories of people in the market.In a duopoly market structure, where the market players are limited to dickens, the common situation is normally co achievement between them so as to limit output to the monopoly style (Perloff 78). In such a case, profit is maximized as the price becomes much greater than the marginal cost. A case in point lies in the operation of Coca-Cola and Pepsi cola which operate in a duopoly situation. Most duopolies are created out of collusion between two or more players who agree to jointly set the price and manage output. Production in that is usually more than in a monopolist but less than in the in the completive market. In the akin vein, some duopolies operate as cartels where strict cooperation is the order of the day.Price determination in oligopolistic market environments is eternally the prerogative of the market players. This arises since these players are normally big enough to influence prices in the market foreign in competitive market environments. In any case, prices in such markets are not inflexible by the interaction of supply and demand but are a function of the cooperation between the competing firms. such a pricing strategy is known to create myriad inefficiencies in the market as u sually evidenced in the oil industry where the need to rake in more profits

Practicum Review and Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Practicum Review and Evaluation - endeavor Examplehing is that certain slues in Lisas foundation were immensely loaded with datarmation, it was hard to make come out clearly what the real essence was in those slides.The flow in the demo is remarkable. It clearly takes the readers or the sense of hearing with the flow of slides. First, there are goals, then definition, then methodology, then the documentation and questionnaire and in the end, there is a summary of the whole learning experience.It would be a good idea to try to present less(prenominal) information in one slide rather than filling up the whole slides with words. Modern creation slides use only 4-5 words with eye catching pictures that captivate the readers. Use as many slide as you want but the information on them should be concise.Overall the look of the presentation was splendid. The pictures utilise were nice, however some pictures of bigger children would have had a better impact as OSAS survey was roughly children under the age of 18, not under the age 4.Yes the objectives are clearly defined and explained. Kristys presentation is about enhancing patients knowledge on how to take care of their bodies, on how to follow up on a patient and provide emotional support from the nursing point of view. The experience is presented in compact info nug she-bops. I mean there are slides that show in-text referencing as if a thesis paper, which it is not. It is a presentation and needs pretty slides to give information to the viewer. This fact alone makes the presentation a little trying to follow.It is quite clear what the author is trying to communicate. She has tried to give a checklist to nurses to make sure that the patients get diagnosed for their illness effectively. In my opinion, the ideas have been communicated very clearly.The design and the physical content of the presentation was just alright. It wasnt catchy there were hardly any pleasing pictures to capture the interest of the au dience. Id advise that there should be more

European Union Law discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European sodality Law discussion - Essay ExampleAlthough the European Union has been concerned with discrimination issues since its inception, it was not until 1997, when the Treaty of Amsterdam3 amended the Treaty of Rome, that anti-discrimination was included as a sanctioned founding principle of the Union. Than, another step was made in 2000 with the Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union4 which introduced the conception of equating and non-discrimination as fundamental rights which should be respected by every State.. Since the project of Constitution5, the notions of gender comparability and of the respect of the minorities contract been introduced. Furthermore, to become a member of the Union, it is necessary to promote all of these values.On this firstly part, we will discuss one of the principal issues regarding discrimination in the European Union Gender Equality, finished the use of case examples and the description of the policy of the quotas.One of th e most important examples of successful gender comparability in the European Union today may be the long waited access to politics for women. Belgian Environment, Sustainable Development and Consumer affairs Minister Van den Bossche accessed her position in Parliament give thanks to gender quota according Amanda Ripley in her special report about gender equality in clock time Europe.6 Taking the example of Belgium, the percentage of women in the lower House of Representatives has risen from 23% in 1999 to 35% in 2003. Nevertheless, the problem does not exist within the politics of quotas but in the mentality of the heap They insist that Frances largest parties failed to meet the quota requirements because powerful men didnt want to relinquish their positions to women. There is still a solidification of machismo, says Anne Hidalgo, a Socialist Party (PS) member who is overly deputy mayor of Paris and a urban center councilwoman.7When we are dealing with gender equality quotas and the policy of the European Union regarding this subject, we are simply facing a European Union Directive aiming to put an end to gender discrimination (COUNCIL directing 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in piece of work and occupation8) but there is an absolute lack of promotion dedicated to change the ideas that the population may have regarding women access to higher positions in the public or the private sector. Naturally, the legislation is necessary to make it happen. In Spain plans to ban sex discrimination at work from Leslie Crawford9, the consequences of Spain proposed law which would oblige companies with more than 250 workers to introduce equality plans aimed at eliminating discrimination against women in pay, promotion and benefits had an echo on the European Union which stated that a new European institute for gender network of national gender equality bodies to monitor and shift discrimination on equality would be up and running in January next year, while it also promised to fund a grounds of sex in member states. It is disturbing to observe when facing much(prenominal) an important issue like as woman discrimination

YOUR CHOICE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

YOUR CHOICE - Assignment ExampleA presidents removal from voice is only possible if there is a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton have both undergone impeachment trial, entirely retained their seats. I believe it is appropriate because it is a thorough and fair process.Original intent plays a significant role in the interpretation of the constitution and laws of congress Supreme Court. It is necessary because it helps to maintain the vocalism democracy under the federal Constitution and acts as a system of checks and balances. Judges who digress from the authentic understanding of a intact provision have to use their own prejudice, rationality, and social preference, which may be unfair in some cases. Even so, original intent should not be the most heavy criterion because decisions depend on interpretation of the constitution. State and federal courts should have the power of judicial look backward to appraise and nullify laws that the legislati ve and executive branches of government have passed, but infringe a constitutional

Great Patriotic War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Great Patriotic War - Essay ExampleThe Soviet sum (Filtzer, 2002) soldiers in the front lines were caught by surprise. In fact, the German armys blitzkrieg (lightning) attack easily toppled the Soviet Union soldiers in the first few months of the attack because they were surrounded, melt off off from supplies, backup troops, and war materials and on that pointby forced to surrender to the advancing mighty German Army.German forces reached the gates of Leningrad in the North in September 1941. Germany had already overrun Smolensk in the center of Leningrad and took control of Dnepropetrovsk in the South of Leningrad. German Soldiers hold reached the vicinity of capital of the Russian Federation, which is the Seat of Government of the Soviet Union in December of 1941.However, after months of fighting wrong the big expanse of the Soviet Union territory, the German army realized that they were just humans. They had reached their maximum stamina, in the end grew tired, and out of br eath because the cold winter months had finally arrived. The German soldiers were not supplied with much needed forage and other war supplies to fight in a winter war arena. The German army had been cut off from their supply lines because they had gone too far and deep into Soviet Union territory because capital of the Russian Federation is almost a thousand miles away from Berlin.It was in the autumn of 1941 that the German invading army do attempts to capture Moscow. The battle occurred between October 30, 1941 to April 20, 1942 which is one of the greatest battle wins that the Soviet Union will forever and a day be remembered.During the autumn of 1941, around twenty eight soldiers from the 316th rifle company led by oecumenical Panfilov built a foxhole on a hill between the village of Nelidovo and Dubosekovo to hold the German Advance to Moscow. With the use only of sub machine guns, rifles, incendiary bottles and grenades, they fought an uphill battle against twenty German t anks and infantry. Fourteen German tanks were destroyed which made the Germans retreat. The Germans then made a second attack with thirty tanks but the Moscow defenders destroyed eighteen thanks and killed and maimed many Germans. The Germans retreated for good. The Soviet Union professor Vasily Klochkov-Diev tied a rope of grenades around his waist and jumped while shouting Russia is large, but there is no place to retreat. Moscow is behind us. under the German tanks destroying them. Other soldiers followed his example and only cardinal Soviet soldiers survived to tell the tale of their Great Patriotic War.From October to December of 1941, thousands of residents of Moscow constructed many leveled fortifications around Moscow and also mined the roads and bridges to

The Age of Rapid Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

The Age of Rapid Globalization - Essay ExampleIn the developed countries like linked States, United Kingdom, and Europe, racial discrimination is still being practiced deep down the white population. While the world is becoming a global village, it is unfortunate that lack of interest and understanding seem to be creating the greater divide among the people coming from different race, culture, and nationality.In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the color of the skin compete a major role in the social status. The whites maintained a racial divide within the society through the deliberate use of powerful lobby of the whites and financial advantages that they enjoyed over their less interior counterparts. The blacks were not allowed to participate in social activities and even education was denied to them so that they would remain unequal socially and economically. In the book I know why the caged birds sing, the author has given a virgin meaning to the finishing school and where, according to the protagonist, a young black girl .. white girls larn to waltz.. During the tenth year, a white womans kitchen became my finishing school (Angelou, p101). Maya Angelou has sensitively envisioned the social paradigm that the whites and the ethnic minority undergo within the same social structure. Richard Wright is yet another(prenominal) writer who has written about the plights of the blacks and ethnic minorities with great understanding mainly because he had undergone those harrowing experiences of being a black, especially in a society which was dominated by whites. In The Ethics of brisk Jim Crow An Autobiographical Sketch, he says that he was not even allowed to learn because he was told by his white colleagues at work this is a white mans work around here, and you better watch yourself (Wright, 291).

Macbeth - a Study of the Criminal Mind Essay Example for Free

Macbeth a Study of the Criminal Mind EssayShakespeare delves straight into the theme of murder and the study of the condemnable mind. The triplet of witches subtly expose themselves to be concocting a devious plan in the first scene itself. When the hurly-burlys done. When the battles lost and won. That will be ere the set of sun. Where the place? Upon the heath. There to meet with Macbeth. (I. i. 3-7) As the play progresses, Shakespeare reveals the underlying causes for the murders but stalls the unsettling outcomes, the effect of being a criminal. Each of the main characters in Macbeth contribution to the central theme grows throughout the play.The triplet Witches and Lady Macbeths manipulation of Macbeth and the growth hallucination of the couple is an example of such cause and effect and can be related to real life. The Three Witches or the weird sisters, skulk like sinister thoughts and unconscious temptations to evil. Their cunning stems from their paranormal powers however, their true ability lies in exploiting the weaknesses of their interlocutors. Despite their absurdity through comical yet malevolent rhyme, are clearly the close to dangerous characters in the play, being powerful and wicked.However, the audience is left to question the witches allegiance. They could be autonomous, toying with the homosexual emotions, or brokers of destiny who prophesize the inevitable. The weird Sisters seem to have an intentional resemblance to characters in Greek mythology cognise as the Fates. They too were three sisters who controlled the metaphorical thread of life of every mortal from life to death. The Weird Sisters control the thread of life of all the major characters in the play, and it is in their power to do what they demand to them. The prophecies foretold by the witches are seemingly self-fulfilling.Macbeth may non have murdered King Duncan if he was non pushed to do so by the witches, the night he and Banquo met the witches on the m oor and had their futures told. The thane of Cawdor lives. A prosperous valet and to be king stands not within the prospect of belief. No more than than to be Cawdor. Say from whence you owe this strange intelligence? Or why upon this blasted heath you stop our way with such prophetic greeting? Speak, I charge you. (I. iii. 72-78) Shakespeare offers no easy answers in the play. He keeps these witches outside the limits of man comprehension.They embody an unreasoning, instinctive evil that of a criminal mind. Lady Macbeth is already plotting the murder of King Duncan as we first catch sight of her in the play. Even from this, it can be seen that she is more cunning, more unkind and more ambitious than her husband. Lady Macbeth wishes that she were a man, and could carry out the deed herself but she is aware that is not possible. Thus, she must push Macbeth into committing the crime for her. The link between gender and power is a key possess to Lady Macbeths character as Macbet h suggests that she is quite masculine and is limited because she had inhabited a pistillate body.This creates a relationship between masculinity and ambition and violence (in some cases murder). Lady Macbeth and the witches are utilise by Shakespeare to emasculate Macbeths idea For thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males (I. vii. 73-74). These keen women apply female methods to achieve power and control. Manipulation of their husbands will thus further their desires. Shakespeare implies that men do not have to be the only ones who are cruel and power seeking but women also. due to social limitations however, they are unable to pursue their ambitions.Macbeth feels the need to commit the murder to prove himself to his wife as she is able to manipulate him with noteworthy effectiveness. Lady Macbeth questions his manhood continually as inside, Macbeth is quite frail. He hesitates at first, but gives in as she overrides his protestations. Lady Macbeth stays stable as King Duncan is murder, and it is she who steadies her husband later the crime has been perpetrated. Shortly afterward, she begins to spiral down into insanity just as aspiration affected her more strongly than Macbeth before the murder, does culpability plague her more strongly afterward.Toward the end of the play, she is sleepwalking through the castle, toilsome to wash away the guilt that stains her. Her sensitivity to the act becomes her one weakness. Lady Macbeth then kills herself, showing her inability to deal with their crimes. The initial impression of Macbeth is a brave, strong and capable man, as we first heard of him in the wounded captains account. This notion is becomes problematic once he encounters the three witches. It can be seen that Macbeths physical courage is joined by a tendency to self doubt the vaticination that foretold him to be king brings him joy but also creates inner turmoil.He is manipulated into committing murders that he doesnt sincerely want to do. Macbeth however, hides his feelings as he says I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this dread(prenominal) feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show False face must hide what the false middle doth know. (I. vii. 79 82) He fluctuates between fits of fevered action, in which he plots a series of murders to secure his throne, and moments of stern guilt (as when Banquos ghost appears) and absolute pessimism (after his wifes death, when he seems to succumb to despair).Shakespeare uses Macbeth to show the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can have on a human who lacks strength in character. Often, examples in real life start off with an innocent person who is mentally incapable of manipulation such a thing, and is influenced by something in their lives. With this in mind, Shakespeares Macbeth truly is a study of the criminal mind. It can be seen through the inner workings of the Three Witches, the manipulation by Lady Macbeth and the growing insanity of both Macbeth and his wife, as they are not able to cope with the guilt of committing a series of crimes.

Understanding of literature and poetry based on the war Essay Example for Free

Understanding of literature and song based on the state of contend EssayI will look at war in my improvisation and to help me gain an understanding of literature and poetry based on the war I will be looking at two poems and one piece of bridge player writing. Both poems were pen and set during the First World War. The spend was written shortly before the war and therefore its intent was to be a piece of propaganda to make the war seem like a good book bindingic to do for your country. Dulce EST Decorum EST is actually written by someone who was in the war and therefore its answer is to show the atrocities of war and a true insight into the war. Blackadder was written in 1988 and set in 1918. The script has a laugh close the war and doesnt really moot a serious impression of what the war was. Blackadder is also written in a genuinely bitterly ironic sense.In this paragraph I will explore the themes and ideas behind the poems and script. The soldier is an idealistic poem that represents a sense of pride and the fascinate of fighting for your country. The soldier also shows the glory to be had from serving in the British armed forces and what a hero you would be after youve served. Dulce shows the horrific side of the war and I think it shows what the war would flummox been like very accurately. Dulce is quite a shocking poem with its emotive choice of language. Blackadder shows the fear the soldiers had in World War 1 and the realistic side of it. Dulce and Blackadder both make a strong policy-making comment about the war. Blackadder makes the war look like it run by mad people and that cured officers just sit miles from the bearing line nice and comfy. Dulce makes a comment also on the lies that children be told about the war to hide them from its brutality.Blackadder is a scripted piece of writing and has characters init that you can look at. Dulce is about a group soldiers. The soldier is one persons viewpoint. The characters in Blacka dder have very different roles and personalities. Blackadder himself is a very sarcastic man he uses dry humour and makes the most personal comment about the war. baldric is working class he is worried and isnt really sure what to do in his situation the war bemuses him and this is a scary thing for Baldrick. George is the sort of person who would write The Soldier. He is a patriotic, upper classed twit. Although he is patriotic he is very scared. Melchett just sits in his office commanding the men on the front line even though he has no great knowledge of the front line conditions.The Soldier gives a personal viewpoint on the war and has a sentimental message. Dulce uses shock to gets its point crosswise and Blackadder uses humour and irony to present its view on war. At the end of Blackadder when they go over the take in it has music and uses slow motion which gives it a depressing and sad feel and men went over the top all the time in the war so it shows what a depressing place it would have been. examine Blackadder has interested me and I think my group will use humour in our performance to give the war a more laid back feel even though it wasnt like that at all. I think humour would be easier for people to understand.

Development of the Bond Market in Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Development of the Bond Market in Bangladesh EssayIt is a privilege to be here this morning at this pioneering event, and I would like to congratulate the Bangladesh camber and the Securities and Exchange Commission for hosting the first-ever internationalistic workshop on the development of affixation grocery store in Bangladesh. Bond foodstuffs link issuers having hanker-term support needs with investors volitioning to place funds in spacious-term, interest-bearing securitiBangladeshes. has both the issuers and the investors in place however it still has not been able to link them assembleively through a bond food market. The positive effect of developing a house servant bond market on the economy is well-k outrightn.On the one hand, bond markets ar essential for a country to enter a sustained phase of development drive by market-based smashing allocation and increased avenues for raising debt capital. On the other hand, the central position work by domestic bond markets in markedly increasing the resilience of a countrys financial brass and insulating it against external shocks, contagion and reduction of access to international capital markets is established. Capital markets be essentially about interconnected the needs of investors with those that need capital for development.Bangladesh has no shortage of both much(prenominal) parties, a young and dynamic population that increasingly wants, and is able to, make provision for lifetime events, to except for childrens education, for the possibility of ill health and ultimately for old age and retirement. On the other lieu of the equation, Bangladesh has a pressing need for investment resources to bolster its stretched infrastructure resources, to build to a greater extent power stations, bridges, ports and gas-pipelines to vest the people in the development of enterprise and the creation of jobs.Debt markets are an extremely effective mechanism for matching the long term needs of savers with those of entrepreneurs. Term capital is a precious commodity and it has been a defeat to design the process of long term savings, such as extendnt funds and life amends contracts, being invested in short term instruments such as bank deposits, a process we withdraw reverse term transformation but we could equally call it reverse alchemy in which the sumptuous of term capital is turned into the lead of short term iabilities. As a development instauration it is our goal to establish sustainable capacity. As Bangladesh has led the world in its development of the microfinance industry, you ingest impress us all with your ability to mobilize funds for productive purposes at the community take in the villages. What we need to charm now is a similar degree of success at the institutional aim in terms of mobilizing resources for infrastructure and other uses of long term funds.At the World Bank, we would like to admirer you in this endeavor it is much more useful t hat Taka funds are mobilized to fund projects whose sole revenue enhancement source entrust be in Taka. I am sure that it is a shared desire of us all that Bangladesh should play a larger role in mobilizing its own capital resources and simplification the dependency upon donor institutions such as ourselves. We at the World Bank would like to work with you to this end, so that we whoremaster move on from providing infrastructure finance for sustainable development to a gameer level of developing a sustainable, national, infrastructure financing capacity.Bond markets in most countries are built on the same sanctioned elements a number of issuers with long-term financing needs, investors with a need to place savings or other liquid funds in interest-bearing securities, intermediaries that contract together investors and issuers, and an infrastructure that provides a conducive environment for securities doings, ensures legal title to securities and settlement of exertions, and provides price discovery information. The regulatory regime provides the basic textile for bond markets and, indeed, for capital markets in general.Efficient bond markets are characterized by a private-enterprise(a) market structure, low transaction costs, low levels of fragmentation, a robust and safe market infrastructure, and a high level of heterogeneity among market participants. It is my wish that this shop exit debate and discuss the various initiatives that are necessary to develop the intermediaries, infrastructure and the regulatory regime so that a vibrant bond market becomes a reality in Bangladesh soon. An important element of a domestic bond market is the presidency bond market.Development of a government activity bond market provides a number of important benefits if the pre-requisites to a sound development are in place. At the macroeconomic policy level, a government securities market provides an avenue for domestic funding of budget deficits and avoid a buil d-up of foreign currency-denominated debt. A government securities market tush also strengthen the transmission and implementation of monetary policy, including the achievement of monetary targets or fanfare objectives, and bath enable the use of market-based indirect monetary policy instruments.The existence of such a market not only can enable authorities to smooth consumption and investment expenditures in receipt to shocks, but if coupled with sound debt management, can also help governments reduce their exposure to interest enumerate risk a situation that is looming large in the National Savings Certificates market, currency, and other financial risks. Finally, a shift toward market-oriented funding of government budget deficits will reduce debt-service costs over the medium to long term through development of a deep and liquid market for government securities.The prerequisites for establishing an efficient government domestic currency securities market include a credible and stable government sound financial and monetary policies effective legal, tax, and regulatory infrastructure smooth and secure settlement arrangements and a liberalized financial system with competing intermediaries. Since bonus and life insurance reform helps in the development of government securities market, starting the process of pension and insurance reform now might be prudent because of the time it takes to feel the positive involve of such reforms on the capital market.While some of these prerequisites have already been met, I hope that this Workshop will discuss the initiatives, their prioritization and the time horizon for their implementation, which will be necessary for putting the rest in place. Before ending, I would like to table a few suggestions for consideration in the Workshop. These are 1. Creating a bond market in Bangladesh will be a long process, and the hard work of many a(prenominal) architects, artisans and craftsmen will be required in the constru ction. I am optimistic that the foundations are now in place and this seminar is going to be one of many uilding blocks that will help create the market framework. This framework mustiness be solid if a bond market is to gain investors confidence and hence sanction public and private sectors to raise capital for the much needed investments in Bangladesh. 2. To ease the process, the Government bonds must come first. To increase the attractiveness of these bonds and to ensure their soundness, Bangladesh Bank will need to continue its initiatives to develop the indirect market, lower transaction costs and improve upon the market infrastructure to support secondary market liquidity.The Bangladesh Bank has already achieved a great deal to this end in a very short time. It was not so long ago that government debt market trading was effectively zero now we see a disciplined, organized market taking shape with maturities in traded securities out to ten years. We congratulate the regulato r and his team for their achievements in this field and are proud if we have been able to play some little part in support of the Government and the Bangladesh Bank in this success. 3.Banks are invariably amongst the major users of long term debt markets in order to raise long-term subordinate debt to supplement their capital bases. Many regulators now actively encourage the issuance of debt by banks in the local currency market as a step towards the discipline of market monitoring envisaged in the Basel II capital adequacy regime. It is probably the lawsuit that the state of the banking system in Bangladesh makes this a medium-term project, however, we have already been presently surprised by the draw close we have seen in several fields in terms of banking sector reform and debt market development.A prior requirement to facilitate issuance of fixed income capital instruments is the adoption of international accounting standards, and more effective enforcement of Bangladesh Bank s supervisory standards. The increased use of credit rating agencies has often come with this development, but this can add value only to the extent that the opinion of the rating agencies is valued by the market. We have noted with interest the nascent development of a debt rating capacity in Bangladesh and hope to see this sector rise to international standards. . One other extremely important role that debt markets can play is in the development of the hold finance market, an area of activity where the ordinary citizens need to have access to long-term loans to fulfill their dream of owning their own property. While capital markets can not bring down the price of real estate in Bangladesh, efficient capital markets can make housing more affordable, and more attainable, through extending the maturity of loans and lowering monthly repayment terms. 5.Not only will a bond market require good financial foundations, but long-term investment institutions will also need to be developed with demand for longer maturity assets. The insurance and pension markets are currently not fully developed in Bangladesh. These markets should be reformed as they are the inseparable buyers of long-term securities. We understand that the Ministry of Commerce is now in the process of disseminating much awaited investment guidelines which will allow insurance companies to offer more competitive products to their clients by allowing them to invest more productively, and securely, in the capital markets.Reform and development of the pension sector, combined with a new approach to the NSS, should be next on the agenda. 6. The World Bank is already working with the Government and Bangladesh Bank on some of these key issues, and we shall be ready to work further with them within the limits of our own comparative advantage. We have been extremely pleased to see the coordinated approach of the Bangladesh Bank, Ministry of Finance, the SEC and the National Board of Revenue to work with IPD C to bring the first securitization transaction to market in Bangladesh.This has been one solid step towards mobilizing finance for entrepreneurs and has confounded those skeptics who thought that securitization is too school for Bangladesh. Perhaps those skeptics would benefit from seeing the collected talent and enthusiasm for development gathered here in this room today. We would very much like to hope that the next securitization will be another transaction close to our heart, that of the securitization of a portion of the toll revenues of the Jamuna Bridge. The IPDC loan securitization was a long time in the make and the Jamuna Bridge securitization appears to be following the same path.This is a transaction which all experts agree would have a major positive impact not only on capital market development in Bangladesh, but also in mobilizing taka finance for other strategic infrastructure developments such as the proposed Padma Bridge. We can only hope that the Jamuna Bridge securitization will enjoy the same long term success. To facilitate this process, it would be useful to have designated counterparts from the Government and Bangladesh Bank. Such a crucial market as a domestic bond market needs excellent domestic regulation and supervision if investors and borrowers are not to be disappointed or worse.It cannot be created by outsiders. Along with you all, I am eagerly looking previous to the technical sessions, which have been very well-organized. In conclusion, I would urge the participants to discuss the issues at length and provide some specific recommendations for the Government, Bangladesh Bank, the SEC, and indeed all the stakeholders, which can be implemented immediately. This could pave the path for a well-functioning bond market that can change the existing bank-oriented financial system to a multilayered system, where capital markets can complement bank financing. I wish the workshop and its participants all success.

Sociological Theories of social inequality Essay Example for Free

Sociological Theories of social disagreement EssayExplain sociological theories of social inequality is it a good or bad thing? Functionalism, Marxism, Weberianism and Feminism. Social stratification is a system in rules of order which is based on a hierarchy of power, privilege, and prestige this then leads on to what is called social inequality. Social inequality is commonly tied to ethnicity, class and sex activity. White men being at the top of major corporations and discolor females working in the elderly c ar sector can and pull up stakes raise debates of social inequality. wherefore is it mainly white males as the predominant directors and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies? This essay will look into and critique social inequality and what certain theorists shit to say about it. Unequal opportunities are what is mentioned a lot when social inequality is brought up unequal opportunities for different social status as well as different ethnicities. Moreover, the majorit y of the Upper Class and Middle Class in this landed estate are white families and the South Asian community and African as well as eastern European so being treated differently in regard to social status cogitate in very heavily to ethnicity as it coincides to an extent.There are a lot of opportunities that certain sight in society do not have. Inequality of opportunities in Lehmans terms is not getting the same chance at a better life because of your skin colour or gender or social class. As previously mentioned, why is a black male who was publicly educated more likely to spend time in prison than a white man who in return had a private education as therefore he is more likely to charge wealth and success because of this inequality of opportunities? The proletariat are the workers in society and the bourgeoisie are the bountiful business owners and doctors and lawyers of society. Karl Marx, who was a Marxist and started the movement, said that society has two classes of pe ople and they are the two which have just been mentioned.

Business of Data Warehousing Foundations Essay Example for Free

Business of Data Wareho development Foundations EssayExecutive SummarymySupermarket is a food mathematical product obtain and comparison website which aims to provide customers with the best price for their shopping. This report examines how information storehouse provided mySupermarket with the foundation in which to ca intake a succeederful enterprise, and al first baseed a subsequent expansion into the short letter intelligence sector. The re reckon draws oversight to the worrys and limitations that mySupermarket en heel countered including coping with diverse sources of info burgeon forths, customer loyalty issues, achieving real- time information, info integrity and generating a sustainable revenue spud. These problems were tackled respectively through with(predicate) building their own selective information warehouse, adopting a CRM strategy underpinned by their warehouse, adopting Microsofts SQL software, supermarket website crawling, offering targeted advertizement space and the realisation that the coarseness of detail they offered, would allow them to expand into the air intelligence sector.The report appreciates the importance of storing data, but concludes that data itself is the prerequisite to success, and that good focusing is needed to transmute this data into meaningful study. It is therefore a combination of data warehousing and good management that has enabled mySupermarket to execute a successful venture.IntroductionOn the 31st August 2006, entrepreneur Johnny dark received a seven-figure sum from investors to transform the way consumers shop for their groceries. From this, the price comparison site mySupermarket.co.uk was born and the company has utilize data warehousing to give consumers access to cheaper grocery shopping. The venture has not been without its problems, however quad years on the company has withstood Adam Smiths Invisible Hand1 and grown into a c.10m companymySupermarket is a grocery sh opping and comparison site that allows customers to compare and shop from quaternity main(prenominal) UK supermarkets in one central place. Their mission landment is to get the best possible price for your supermarket tramcar while enjoying an easier and more than consumer-friendly shopping experience. Through the use of SQL and data warehousing, mySupermarket is able to collect product pricing, promotion and availability data directly from retailers websites. It and so uses its proprietary engine room to match identical persuade Keeping Units (SKUs) crosswise retailers. After initial investment from Greylock Partners and Pitango Venture Capital (investors in Facebook LinkedIn), mySupermarket require face up the same difficulties as other price comparison sites in generating a sustainable revenue stream aft(prenominal) ascetical declared that the portal would remain free in principle for shoppers.The customer prompting for mySupermarket is to first log into their accoun t. Then favor which supermarket to shop at from Asda, Ocado/Waitrose, Sainsbury or Tesco. Tick their preferred supermarket and choose a tar time/date, then start to shop. mySupermarket is updated on a daily basis so that the prices shown are the most competitive. at one time the customer has made their filling of store, they start to shop by using the tabbed choices along the top of the page. These are divided up into virtual aisles so making a choice from Fruit and Veg, Meat, Fish Poul elbow grease, or Drinks etc. Once shopping has been completed, it then shows basket prices across the four supermarkets and allows the customer an chance to switch supermarkets.This report will critically discuss how data warehousing has enabled mySupermarket to build a successful art model including the benefits and problems that have draw closen from the use of this technology. The report will finally tumble the extent to which data warehousing has contributed to mySupermarkets success.Tec hnologies DiscussedAccording to Bill Inmon2 (1993) data warehousing spate be defined as, asubject-orientated, integrated, time variant and non-volatile, collection of data in go of the management ending making process. It is, in essence, a large data storage facility which enables an enterprise to cumulate a competitive advantage through analytics and business intelligence. Providing integrated access to multiple, distributed, heterogeneous databases and other information sources has become one of the leading issues in database research and industry, IEEE Com tacker (1991) which can be seen through the success of First American Corporation (FAC), cooper et al (2000) and Tesco/Dunnhumby, J. Perry (2009).Data mining is the process of digging-out patterns from data, usually through Clustering, Classification, Regression and Association rule learning. Data mining technology can generate new business opportunities by providing Automated prediction of trends and behaviours. Automated discovery of previously unknown or hidden patterns D. combatant and C. Coombs (2010)This process is carried out by sophisticated software packages such as Oracle, IBM and SQL. This alleviates the (potentially) very time go through task of manually inputting and analysing the dataWithin data warehousing, there is a high importance placed on the quality of data, as without it, meaningful analysis is impossible. Data collection should therefore be taken with a high level of detail, and have solid definitions, as to avoid subjectivity.The purpose of a data warehouse is to support creative strategic decision making through a greater granularity of information with a consistent pick up of whats happening.Customer Relationship Management (CRM) emerged in the 1990s at a time when customers were becoming better informed and less brand loyal. CRM is an desegregation of technologies and business processes used to satisfy the needs of a customer during any interaction, Bose (2002, p. 8 9) and is underpinned by data warehousing. As with fantasy in the FAC case (2000), the subsequentbenefits of CRM, is that firms are able to exploit the 8020 principle which states that somewhat customers are more important/profitable than others. These information sources can only come through data warehousing and data mining.mySupermarket The BeginningThe inspiration for mySupermarket came from Sterns bargain-obsessed elderly relative who would scour the aisles of Tescos to find his favourite tin of baked beans, jot down the price and travel to competitor stores to try and find a better deal. Stern identified the ontogeny interest in online grocery shopping and felt that it was an area that could be exploited (Fig. 1).Figure 1 Mintel Intelligence Online Grocery DataStern spent 18 months before the launch developing the software and tweaking the concept (Fig. 2).Figure 2 Adaption of Martin et al., 2005 193The data warehouse was developed through crawling3 the four supermarket w ebsites and adding product pricing, promotion and availability data to the warehouse. Once this data was implemented in the warehouse, proprietary technology and SQL software allowed mySupermarket to match identical SKUs across retailers. This data was also used in developing its CRM strategy through the use of cookies4 to store data in the customers computer using the functionality of their browser to find out whether the computer has visited the site before and what SKUs they purchased. This enables us to operate an efficient service and to track the patterns of behaviour of visitors to the website. mysupermarket.co.uk. The feature enables mySupermarket to utilize this information by creating functions such as a Regular Shop button, saving customers time on their shopping.mySupermarket ProblemsMany problems can arise through the use of data warehousing, both technically and commercially. According to Mintel Intelligence (2009), Consumer loyalty is fairly low in the price compari son market with more than 14 million people (c.58% of market) having used three or more distinguishable price comparison sites. Underlying these efforts was the recognition that, to succeed with this strategy, it must know its customers exceptionally soundly and leverage that knowledge in website design, service and interaction with their clients. mySupermarket would therefore have to find a strategy to retain a loyal customer base in a notoriously disloyal sector.Kimball Ross (2002) state that a common pitfall of data warehousing is to presume that the business, its requirements, analytics, underlying data and supporting technology are static an early problem mySupermarket encountered was the variation in regional pricing and a growing demand for real-time data.Another problem with data warehousing is ensuring the integrity of data, this is typically a military man procedure and so subject to human error. Even the most sophisticated data mining systems cannot capture good an alysis from poor data. A good illustration of this is from Blastard and Dilnot The Tiger That Isnt where a infirmary survey found that an alarming amount of patients were beingness born on the 11th November 1911. Further investigation showed that nurses often would not fill in patient files properly and to save time, when asked to enter patient D.O.B. they would causa 11/11/11 into the database. No matter how intelligent a computer system is, if you put garbage-in you will get garbage-out.Beynon-Davies (2004) states that data warehousing projects are large scale development projects typically taking up to three years to complete. Some of the challenges of such problems may include selecting, installing and integrating the different hardware and software and also, the diverse sources of data feeding a data warehouse introduces problems of design in monetary value of creating a homogenous data store.Finally, as with all comparison sites, the study obstacle approachmySupermarket was generating a sustainable revenue stream from the database they had accumulated. mySupermarket.co.uk did not generate any revenue 5 months after the website went live. Originally, mySupermarket didnt operate a search give notice (of)ment scheme (a central platform for companies such as Google eg, BP paying for advertising of their oil spill cleanup when people typed in BP Oil Spill G. Cheeseman, 2010) . on that point are also no revenue-sharing agreements in place with the four stores whose prices it monitors in effort to remain independent. This, in part, may stem from mySupermarkets limited market, consisting of a comparison of groceries. mySupermarket recognised that they would have to expand their tension if they were to generate a large enough turnover to operate a successful business.mySupermarket Technological dissembleThe first problem mySupermarket addressed was the industries poor customer loyalty. They decided to attack this through the execution of instrument of a CRM strategy. After the initial launch, mySupermarket was receiving feedback from customers regarding such things as healthy options, promotions on offer, printable shopping controversys and symmetrical shops. mySupermarket realised that the information stored in their data warehouse could be exploited to meet these demands and increase customer utility. Subsequently, a Health Checker feature was launched establish on the Food Standard Authoritys approved traffic light system. In November 2008, the mySupermarket Quick Shop function was added, allowing users to type their shopping list on a virtual notepad and find their required items in one go.As delivery s circles started outpouring out towards Christmas we also introduced a new print your shopping list feature, which was popular, said Stern. A lot of our shoppers are using the website as a quick way to find the best deals and are then going to the supermarket to make their purchases. Recent analysis of visits shows mysupe rmarket.co.uk has a loyal repeat following, with Stern claiming visitors are outgo an average of 20 minutes on the site.Until recently, there were few viable tools to provide real-time data warehousing nor an absolutely current picture of an organizations business and customer J. Vandermay (2001). To combat the problem of achievingreal-time and regional data, mySupermarket used Microsofts SQL software5. Most data integration solutions focus on despicable data only between homogeneous systems and database software. However, SQL integration is capable of moving data among a entire range of databases and systems. It also offers transformational data integration tools to consolidate and synchronize heterogeneous data into a warehouse. This allows consumers to view whether a certain item is in stock in their local store, or view delivery slots for their specific region. This real-time data saves the mySupermarket team having to continually update the warehouse manually.Fortunately for mySupermarket, their website crawling technique allows them to take the SKU data directly from the supermarkets themselves. Therefore data will only be wrong, if the supermarket has made the drift (so would have to sell the item at that price) and so mySupermarket would not be liable.Although Stern took half the time recommended by Beynon-Davies, the warehouse has had to be continuously tweaked since its launch. After its launch mySupermarket noticed a data stream that wasnt being filtered into the data warehouse calories. After the realisation, mySupermarket were able to add a calorie counter function on to the website.For any business to survive, it needs to generate a revenue stream to carry through a sustainable cash flowmySupermarket were able to negotiate with supermarkets a commission of 5 for every(prenominal) first-time buyer that shops through their site and 1 every time thereafter. Other sources of revenue came from the use of advertising, which could be split into two different segments on-site and search-related advertising. Marks Spencer (Fig. 3) are one company that has chosen to advertise with mySupermarket.co.uk as the content is relevant and it is independent from the four supermarkets being compared. Advertisers will typically pay $1.00 $1.50 per 1,000 run-of-site impressions for the advertising placement. However, advertisers may pay even more for targeted sidebar advertisements. Search advertisements are targeted to match key search terms entered on the search engine, these products (advertisements) will then appear first in the search. Danone (Fig. 3) haspaid for advertisement when the search term yoghurt is entered, and so their umbrella brands (eg, Activia) show at the top of the list, increasing its probability of being bought.Figure 3 mySupermarket.co.uk advertising exampleDue to the amount of data mining available to mySupermarket, an opportunity was identified for expansion, called mySupermarket insights. It acts as real-ti me B2B data service for the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. As mySupermarket has access to SKU by SKU trends, it is able to offer extremely high level, intelligent data. The services it offers include New Product phylogenesis (NPD) alert reports, Online auditing reports, Price comparison reports, Product substitution report and Customer profiling reports (allowing for further use of CRM through cluster analysis6). This sort of information is of high value to companies and a subscription to the service can range from 5,000 20,000p.a. (current clients include Kelloggs, Innocent Smoothies, Nielson and Ellas Kitchen).Finally, mySupermarket is often contracted by media companies, such as the free-living to analyse trends for news stories J. Burchill (2010).I feel that information is now widely recognised as being one of the key corporate resources, needing to be carefully managed so that it can be effectively utilised in the decision-making process. Timely, accurate and rel evant information can only be generated, however, if corporate data is stored in a secure, accessible and flexible manner.The following table provides a summary of the impact that data warehousing technology had for mySupermarketFigure 6 Technological Impact SummarymySupermarket ConclusionTo conclude, data warehousing has enabled mySupermarket to cut across issuessuch as customer retention, real-time data and generating revenue. It really does appear that information is key, whereby data is the prerequisite for information. J. Poole et al. (2003) state the underlying sparing thoification is ultimately based on the value a given technology provides to the customers of the computing systems and software products and so the determinate of mySupermarkets success is essentially based on whether people use the technology and the value of the company. Based on an monthly strange user level of 1 million, and 500k registered users turning over c.10m, we can assume that at this point in time mySupermarket is justified economically.On the other hand, you could argue that mySupermarket is a recession business and not a sustainable enterprise. In which case, the rapid growth in recent years could be due to the economic climate and not because there is a long term demand.Looking towards the future, Our investors have international ambitions, Stern said. They see the potential of transporting the model to different markets. mySupermarket are looking to expand the companys development team to support its entry into Europe and the US. mySupermarket are currently looking for another round of funding to bridge G. Murrays (1994) second equity gap. Technology firms often require follow on development funding, as cash is heavily plowed into Prototype testing and Research Development. In terms of an exit, mySupermarket would be very attractive to major FMCG companies such as PG, Unilever and Krafts venture arms. I look at that mySupermarket will achieve their second round fu nding as they are now profitable and have a proven concept that has high growth prospects for the future.Over the past few years there has been a huge growth in the use of numbers and analytics. Businesses are recognising that it is not enough to give-up the ghost harder than the competition they also have to work smarter. Davenport (2006) argues that it is virtually impossible to differentiate yourself from competitors based on products alone(predicate) and so to pull ahead of the pack, businesses need to compete on analytics. In which case, mySupermarket insights is poised in a perfect position to capitalize on this new thirst for business intelligence, whereby companies feel thatthey will have to subscribe to the service to compete on an even playing field.However, it is not enough to just store data, it has to be managed, analyzed, implemented and utilised to convert raw data into real information. mySupermarket realised the benefits of data warehousing and were able to exploi t this, expanding from a mere price-comparison site to a business intelligence supplier to major FMCG companies. I believe that with the current shift towards analytics and business intelligence, mySupermarket has the potential to be a major force in the FMCG sector whilst offering a greater transparency for customers, all of which stems from good management and data warehousing.ReferencesBeyon-Davies, P (2004) Database Systems, 3rd edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke, pp. 527-538 and 547-553Bose, R (2002) Customer Relationship Management Key concepts for IT success, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 89-97Blastland, M Dilnot, A (2007) The Tiger That Isnt Seeing a World Through NumbersBurchill, J (Aug 2010) The self-directed So the Prince of Green Hypocrites is going on tour. Thank God Ill be abroadCooper et al. (2000) Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation Vol. 24, No. 4Champion, D Coombs, C (2010) Handout BSC070 Enterprise Information SystemsCheeseman, G (June 2010) Triple Pundit Is It Ethical For BP To subvert Oil-Spill-Related Google Search Terms?Davenport, T. H (2006) Competing on AnalyticsIEEE Computer (Dec 1991) Special Issue on Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems, 24(12)Inmon, W.H. and Kelley, C (1993) Developing the Data Warehouse. QED Publishing Group, Boston, MassachussettsKimball, R Ross, M (2002) The Data Warehouse Toolkit The Complete track down to Dimensional Modeling, 2nd editionMartin et al., (2005) 193 Managing Information Technology 5th Edition, Pearson Education Inc, pp. 192-195Mintel Intelligence (Oct 2009) Web Aggregators, UKMurray, G (1994) The Second Equity Gap Exit Problems for Seed and Early Stage Venture CapitalistsPerry, J (Nov 2009) Dunnhumby A lifetime of loyalty? RetailWeekPoole, J et al. (2003) Common Warehouse Metamodel Introduction to the standard for data warehouse integrationSmith, A (1959) The Theory of Moral SentimentsVandermay, J (2001) Considerations for Building a Real-ti me Data Warehousea

Rhetoric and Reality Essay Example for Free

Rhetoric and man EssayIn chapter four Black Radicals Rhetoric and Reality, writer tried to locate whether sear powers i. e. militants and radicals had any viable program to organize pitch-dark people or their ideas and action were disarray with no clear agenda. For this purpose, he provides an insight into the ideas and efforts of pioneer of total darkness movement. He starts with the ideas of Malcolm X and analyzed his intellectual modeling for revolutionary Black Nationalism (p. 246) Malcolm X asserted that psychological liberation and black pride argon essential elements to shape black American into an organized whole. But writer is of the view that mostly. His (Malcolms) ideas were misunderstood or misinterpreted and hence they were unable to influence the black movement. He further analyzed the idea of another pioneer of black movement, Stokely Carmichael who stressed on the importance of reformation in black ideology and advocated independent political relation. His c onsidered the capitalist structure as the primary cause if tout ensemble injustice and racial discrimination dominant in the American. He developed a two-pronged strategy to counter racism and capitalistic exploitation.There is attach shift in his ideology later visits to several south American countries and he considered guerrilla warfare an important tool to establish their right on the land, houses and stores. Rap Brown, another chairman of the SNCC advocated military and build up struggle in a more unequivocal way. Carmichael developed a new approach subsequently his visits to Latin world and in February 1968, the enemy of the blacks was no longer the capitalist system. The prime enemy was the unobjectionable man, the honky. (p.250) So Carmichael added racism to capitalism as the new enemy but his reformatory efforts for restructuring the black residential district and to counter these two evil systems were ambiguous as he mostly advocated in favor of socialist economy as the remedy of these evil system. His ideas are mostly paradoxical and writer is of the view that his middle degree background torn him between militant nationalism and accomodationist integrationism (p. 252). writer further delves deep into the different strategies and programs of SNCC to deplumate the batteries of black movement but he asserts that mere speeches and statement does not yield into viable activities.Writer further explores the black student movements and says that typically black students adopt a bourgeois outlook after their graduation and try to assimilate and identify themselves with white community. This attitude of black students made them distrustful in the eyes of less-privileged classes of black community. As black student were not part of White community so they were entangled into a dilemma and this identity crisis was more heightened in Ivy League Schools where they were labeled as white Negroes by their own community.However there was a growing resent ment in black students against the racial policies and they took several armed revolts against the college and government authorities. Writer provides comprehensive details of black students struggle in various college campuses across America during 1968. SNCC and other black activists were in favor a political caller that would the sole representative of African American. The SNCC experience had taught it that both Democrats and Republican parties are not a heal to their afflictions so they worked to establish a black political party at the national level.In this attempt, SNCC and black panthers created an alliance and advocated a struggle for self-determination. Due to several inherent and structural differences these organization failed to merge and move into a political party. Writer sums up the chapter by illustrating that although SNCC and black panther were not representative of the all black radicals but their ideas manifested the ideas and activities pf radicals elements during the black movement.

Google the Best Company Essay Example for Free

Google the stovepipe Company EssayThe competition is steep for any company seeking to grow one of the Best, and certainly for any company that shows up in the 1 slot. Yet Google chose a not bad(p) role model to help them create the special culture that has supported their success. While definitely creating and adjacent their own path, leaders at Google also turned to Genentech (1 on the Best Companies list in 2006) as a source of ideas and wisdom to guide their growth as a company.And they have bighearted well, with confidence that their unique culture and approach to work life have contributed to the overall suc- cess of the organization. In their polish Audit (a key component of the Best Com- panies evaluation process) they state, There is no hard data that gage ever prove that a free lunch and a multicultural, campus-like environment con- tribute to the organizations success and profit.What end be proven is that Google is growing at an immense pace retention of emplo yees is high, attrition is low and revenues atomic number 18 strong ($6. 1B in 2005). People are eager to work at Google and applications to our job openings are extremely high (approximately 1,300 resumes a day). Googles employees confirm what is reported in the Culture Audit, with 95% of the employees who responded to the employee survey part of the Best Companies evaluation process saying, Taking everything into account Id say this is a great place to work.Thats an extraordinary conception for a fast paced, stressful yet exhilarating work environment. Even people who leave Google to try on something different do so reluctantly (SF Chronicle, 1/7/07). Googles leaders have figured come to the fore the formula that works for them by treating people with respect, supporting their creative endeavors, and working hard to adhere to their precept of Dont be evil. Its not magic, or rocket science or paternalism or entitlement.In some ways it is plain common sense. As they explain in their Culture Audit Our employees, who call themselves Googlers, are everything. Google is form around the ability to attract and leverage the talent of exceptional technolo- gists and business people. We have been lucky to come in many creative, principled and hard working stars. We hope to recruit many more in the future. As we have from the start, we will reward and treat them well.

The Authorship Controversy Essay Example for Free

The Authorship Controversy EssayA nonher competitor for the authorship of Shakespeares works is Francis Bacon. One of the major origins for this belief is the existence of a document which bears the names of Shakespeare and Bacon. The Northumberland Manuscript consists of list of speeches and other manuscripts which have been signed By Francis William Shakespeare. Bacon has been known to highlight aspects of a orphic or disguised life. In The Essay of Friendship Bacon relieves there be some whose lives are as if they perpetually played a part upon a stage, disguised to all others, open only to themselves. In a letter written to his friend John Davies, Bacon writes So desiring you to be good to c oncealed poets, I continue, yours very assured, Fr. Bacon. Francis Bacons vocabulary has been found to be extremely similar to each other. Another reason why several scholars believe that Francis Bacon is actually the author behind Shakespeares work is the detail that Bacon neer directly menti iodind Shakespeares name or quoted anything from Shakespeares plays. Moreover, some believe that when comparing the writings of intimately contemporary authors, no 1 comes close to Shakespeares style of prose and verse as Bacon.In fact a large number of words and phrases that are found in Shakespeares books can be attributed to Bacons notebook Promus which consists of hundreds and thousands of words and phrases that appeared for the first time in the English Language. (BBC UK) However, those who have argued that Bacon could not be Shakespeare have done so on the basis of the fact that Bacon himself has such a large assembling of his own works, it is difficult to imagine that he would have had the time or the need to write below a different name.(Shakespeare Resource Center) The third contender is Edward De Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford whose work has shown similarities to that of Shakespeare. His early verse and earn have been known to contain words and phrase s similar to that of Shakespeare. Moreover, the content of Shakespeares plays and poems indicate an in-depth knowledge of see persons in Elizabeths court and events related to them. De Vere was known to posses this information. De Vere has been strongly advocated to be the neat author of Shakespeares plays.Several scholars have highlighted the similarity between De Veres guardian William Cecil and the character of Polonius in hamlet. (Shakespeare Resource Center) Similarly, De Vere once wrote s poem and a letter to introduce Cardamus Comfort, a book by Thomas Bedingfield and one of the most important source book for Shakespeares Hamlet. Another coincidence is the character of Malvolio in Shakespeares Twelfth Night which shows a striking resemblance to Christopher Hatton, a key enemy of De Vere.Thus, in many of Shakespeares plays and sonnets, one can find characters and events similar to De Veres real life. In fact, the plot and characters of Hamlet are so similar to De Veres life that some scholars have even gone so far as to say that the play is practically an autobiography of De Vere. (Shakespeare-Oxford) Although no play can be attributed to De Vere, his verse and letters show a distinct similarity to Shakespeare.Although no one has been able to make it any definite proof of who out of the many contenders was indeed the true author of Shakespeares work, until now this debate has been one of the most bulky in literary history. Whoever wrote Shakespeares works had to have extensive knowledge on a large variety of subjects including law, music, foreign languages, classics, sports, aristocratic manners etc. nix that is known intimately William Shakespeare indicates that he possessed all this information and knowledge.Similarly, Shakespeares connection with the theater was neer clearly established and there was nothing to document his career as an actor such as any past roles or any plays that he might have performed in. Moreover, there are no clear and legible signatures that can be attributed to Shakespeare. Historically, there are six practically illegible signatures, each different from the other and each of them from the latter period of his life i. e. three on his will, one on a deposition, and two on some property documents.Not a single signature has been seen with any of his literature. (The Beginners Guide) Stratfordians have been consistently downplaying these debates and believe that since so many contenders have been considered to be the true Shakespeare, the notion is absurd to begin with. There cannot be so many possible candidates to substitute one person (approximately eight Elizabethans have been considered for this role) and thus there really is no logic for this premise and no(prenominal) of the so-called contenders are Shakespeare. (The Beginners Guide)Overall, there are several arguments which assert that Shakespeare did not write the plays and sonnets that have been attributed to him. He did not have the bac kground or breeding to do so did not have the education to write such lyrics and prose did not have the depth his plays possess which only a University educated individual would have. Moreover, his name is spelt Shaksper on his birth certificate and the authenticity of his signatures has in any case been questioned. There is no reasonable explanation as to why he retired to Stratford at the peak of his career.There is also no logic of why he was not painted during his lifetime or the fact that his terminal entry in the registry lists him as a Gent instead of a dramatist, playwright or poet. The debate has never been concluded and one cannot be sure when or how it will. (The Authorship Controversy)Bibliography 1. Information about Shakespeare from the Shakespeare Resource Center. Available online at http//www. bardweb. net/debates. html 2. Gross, John. Will the Real Shakespeare Please Stand Up? Commentary, Vol. 119, March 2005

Technology in the 20th Century Paper Essay Example for Free

Technology in the twentieth Century Paper EssayThere are legion(predicate) notable advances made in engineering that took place during the twentieth century. The valet de chambre gradu every last(predicate)y moved from the industrial age into the technology age during this era. once technology took hold nothing could hold back the flood of its advancement and the innovation that grew from it. Of all of the big advancements three standouts that are intimately connected are the inventions of the radio, computers, and the internet. The radio could be said as the commence of the information age and the sharing of information worldwide. The RadioThe radio actually made it possible for the stolon time in earthly concerns history for an audience to hear a person from mevery miles away. Before the television the radio was a way of gathering of people and families to share news and the storytelling that would shake off once perhaps been told around a communal fire. According to Ki nsey, between the years of 1909 and 1927 Britain, America, Australia, South Africa, and the Netherlands were all broadcasting wirelessly through the radio (Kinsey, 2005). During this time radio broadcasts were all commercial, but that soon gave way to opposite kinds of broadcasts including music.ComputersAnother huge advancement created in the twentieth century is the computer. The computers that are enjoyed now hardly resemble the huge calculating machines that were created around the time of the second world war. In 1944 the very rootage electronic- machinelike computer called MARK 1 was created at Harvard. This machine was a massive calculator that was fifty maven feet wide and eight feet tall (Chee, 1997). The beginning of the smaller computers that we know today started in 1959 when Honeywell developed the first computers that used transistors. These were followed by IBM who used integrated circuits. The very first personal computers were built in the 1970s with the comput ers that are recognizable today starting in 1974 with the first Apple PC being created in 1977. Computer technology continues to grow and expand creating increasingly smaller and faster machines to keep upwith todays fast paced life. The small seven or eight inch portable ipad has little relation to its humongous forefather the MARK 1.The internetThe internets history is tied to the government and the frozen War in the 1960s. The over 300,000 networks that cover much of the world actually saw its beginning as a system that was created to use satellites and radio transmissions to communicate for the military. The problem with the system was that there were not any networks to share the information. A system that solved this problem was created in 1982 and by 1993 the World Wide wind vane was popularized by nuclear physists that needed to communicate with each other (Chee, 1997). By the end of the 1980s a number of mostly professional people were utilizing the Internet and email, but by the 1990s the internet would follow up massive growth. By the end of 1999 the number of people using the internet was estimated to be 248 million (Cohen, 2011). The world has been made a smaller place because of the internet. People all around the earth can control events that are happening real time in places they may never physically get to visit. The numerous challenges that persist for humanity are made visible on a daily basis which in turn can be a way for people to see one another as extensions of themselves instead of enemies to be conquered.In conclusion, the social changes that arose from two world wars fertilized a society that was eager to pick out and explore our world. While the society of the twentieth century struggled to gain realistic views of humanity, technological advancements like the radio, computers, and the Internet helped to create a much smaller world. The technology that is taken for granted in todays society had very humble beginnings in the t wentieth century. That technology has helped to close the gap and erase roughly of the imaginary lines that have historically separated the worlds population. These innovations have helped to heal the collective scars of decades of war, proving to humanity that we are alike in more ways than we could ever imagine.ReferencesChee, H. W. (1997, Mar 27). Brief look at the history of computers. New Straits Times. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/269127308?accountid=458Cohen-Almagor, R. (2011). Internet History. International Journal of Technoethics (IJT), 2(2), 45-64. doi10.4018/jte.2011040104ArticleKinsey, M.(2005). Radio. In Key concepts in journalism studies. Retrieved from http//search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/entry/sageukjour/radio/0