Acid Rain :: essays research papers fc

harsh Rain and its Effects On Our Aquatic EcosystemsIn the past century, one of the greatest threats to North Americas aquatic ecosystem has been the widespread acidification of hundreds of thousands of urineways. Acid rain has effected plant and animal life within aquatic ecosystems, as well as microbiologic activity by affecting the grade of decomposition and the accumulation of organic matter. What causes this poisonous rain, and what can be do to improve North Americas water quality and rule out future catastrophes? To upshot these questions, we must first examine the cause and signifieration of acid rain, as well as understand ways to decrease or prevent its formation. Formation of acid rain.Acid deposition, more than(prenominal) commonly known as acid rain, occurs when emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and oxidants to form acerbic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric and nitri c acid which then falls to the earth in either buckram (rain, snow, sleet or fog) or dry (gas and particles) form. Approximately one-half of the atmospheres sullenness falls back to earth through dry deposition in the form of particles and gases, and are then spread hundreds of miles by winds where they settle on surfaces of buildings, cars, homes, and trees. When acid rain falls, the dry deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from buildings, trees and separate surfaces making the runoff water combine with the acid rain more acidic than the falling acid rain alone. This new combination is referred to as acid deposition. The runoff water is then transported by strong usual winds and public sewer systems into lakes and streams. Although some natural sources such as volcanic eruptions, fire and lightening contribute to the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, more than 90% is the result of human activities such as coal burning, smelting of metals such as zinc, nickel and copper, and the burning of oil, coal and gas in world power plants and automobiles.When does rain become acidic?Scientists determine whether rain or lake water is acidic by measuring its pH (the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14). A value of 7 is considered neutral, whereas values less than 7 are acidic and values over 7 are alkaline or basic. A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a factor of ten in acidity for example, a solution with a pH of five is ten times as acid as one with a pH of six .