Development of the Bond Market in Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Development of the Bond Market in Bangladesh EssayIt is a privilege to be here this morning at this pioneering event, and I would like to congratulate the Bangladesh camber and the Securities and Exchange Commission for hosting the first-ever internationalistic workshop on the development of affixation grocery store in Bangladesh. Bond foodstuffs link issuers having hanker-term support needs with investors volitioning to place funds in spacious-term, interest-bearing securitiBangladeshes. has both the issuers and the investors in place however it still has not been able to link them assembleively through a bond food market. The positive effect of developing a house servant bond market on the economy is well-k outrightn.On the one hand, bond markets ar essential for a country to enter a sustained phase of development drive by market-based smashing allocation and increased avenues for raising debt capital. On the other hand, the central position work by domestic bond markets in markedly increasing the resilience of a countrys financial brass and insulating it against external shocks, contagion and reduction of access to international capital markets is established. Capital markets be essentially about interconnected the needs of investors with those that need capital for development.Bangladesh has no shortage of both much(prenominal) parties, a young and dynamic population that increasingly wants, and is able to, make provision for lifetime events, to except for childrens education, for the possibility of ill health and ultimately for old age and retirement. On the other lieu of the equation, Bangladesh has a pressing need for investment resources to bolster its stretched infrastructure resources, to build to a greater extent power stations, bridges, ports and gas-pipelines to vest the people in the development of enterprise and the creation of jobs.Debt markets are an extremely effective mechanism for matching the long term needs of savers with those of entrepreneurs. Term capital is a precious commodity and it has been a defeat to design the process of long term savings, such as extendnt funds and life amends contracts, being invested in short term instruments such as bank deposits, a process we withdraw reverse term transformation but we could equally call it reverse alchemy in which the sumptuous of term capital is turned into the lead of short term iabilities. As a development instauration it is our goal to establish sustainable capacity. As Bangladesh has led the world in its development of the microfinance industry, you ingest impress us all with your ability to mobilize funds for productive purposes at the community take in the villages. What we need to charm now is a similar degree of success at the institutional aim in terms of mobilizing resources for infrastructure and other uses of long term funds.At the World Bank, we would like to admirer you in this endeavor it is much more useful t hat Taka funds are mobilized to fund projects whose sole revenue enhancement source entrust be in Taka. I am sure that it is a shared desire of us all that Bangladesh should play a larger role in mobilizing its own capital resources and simplification the dependency upon donor institutions such as ourselves. We at the World Bank would like to work with you to this end, so that we whoremaster move on from providing infrastructure finance for sustainable development to a gameer level of developing a sustainable, national, infrastructure financing capacity.Bond markets in most countries are built on the same sanctioned elements a number of issuers with long-term financing needs, investors with a need to place savings or other liquid funds in interest-bearing securities, intermediaries that contract together investors and issuers, and an infrastructure that provides a conducive environment for securities doings, ensures legal title to securities and settlement of exertions, and provides price discovery information. The regulatory regime provides the basic textile for bond markets and, indeed, for capital markets in general.Efficient bond markets are characterized by a private-enterprise(a) market structure, low transaction costs, low levels of fragmentation, a robust and safe market infrastructure, and a high level of heterogeneity among market participants. It is my wish that this shop exit debate and discuss the various initiatives that are necessary to develop the intermediaries, infrastructure and the regulatory regime so that a vibrant bond market becomes a reality in Bangladesh soon. An important element of a domestic bond market is the presidency bond market.Development of a government activity bond market provides a number of important benefits if the pre-requisites to a sound development are in place. At the macroeconomic policy level, a government securities market provides an avenue for domestic funding of budget deficits and avoid a buil d-up of foreign currency-denominated debt. A government securities market tush also strengthen the transmission and implementation of monetary policy, including the achievement of monetary targets or fanfare objectives, and bath enable the use of market-based indirect monetary policy instruments.The existence of such a market not only can enable authorities to smooth consumption and investment expenditures in receipt to shocks, but if coupled with sound debt management, can also help governments reduce their exposure to interest enumerate risk a situation that is looming large in the National Savings Certificates market, currency, and other financial risks. Finally, a shift toward market-oriented funding of government budget deficits will reduce debt-service costs over the medium to long term through development of a deep and liquid market for government securities.The prerequisites for establishing an efficient government domestic currency securities market include a credible and stable government sound financial and monetary policies effective legal, tax, and regulatory infrastructure smooth and secure settlement arrangements and a liberalized financial system with competing intermediaries. Since bonus and life insurance reform helps in the development of government securities market, starting the process of pension and insurance reform now might be prudent because of the time it takes to feel the positive involve of such reforms on the capital market.While some of these prerequisites have already been met, I hope that this Workshop will discuss the initiatives, their prioritization and the time horizon for their implementation, which will be necessary for putting the rest in place. Before ending, I would like to table a few suggestions for consideration in the Workshop. These are 1. Creating a bond market in Bangladesh will be a long process, and the hard work of many a(prenominal) architects, artisans and craftsmen will be required in the constru ction. I am optimistic that the foundations are now in place and this seminar is going to be one of many uilding blocks that will help create the market framework. This framework mustiness be solid if a bond market is to gain investors confidence and hence sanction public and private sectors to raise capital for the much needed investments in Bangladesh. 2. To ease the process, the Government bonds must come first. To increase the attractiveness of these bonds and to ensure their soundness, Bangladesh Bank will need to continue its initiatives to develop the indirect market, lower transaction costs and improve upon the market infrastructure to support secondary market liquidity.The Bangladesh Bank has already achieved a great deal to this end in a very short time. It was not so long ago that government debt market trading was effectively zero now we see a disciplined, organized market taking shape with maturities in traded securities out to ten years. We congratulate the regulato r and his team for their achievements in this field and are proud if we have been able to play some little part in support of the Government and the Bangladesh Bank in this success. 3.Banks are invariably amongst the major users of long term debt markets in order to raise long-term subordinate debt to supplement their capital bases. Many regulators now actively encourage the issuance of debt by banks in the local currency market as a step towards the discipline of market monitoring envisaged in the Basel II capital adequacy regime. It is probably the lawsuit that the state of the banking system in Bangladesh makes this a medium-term project, however, we have already been presently surprised by the draw close we have seen in several fields in terms of banking sector reform and debt market development.A prior requirement to facilitate issuance of fixed income capital instruments is the adoption of international accounting standards, and more effective enforcement of Bangladesh Bank s supervisory standards. The increased use of credit rating agencies has often come with this development, but this can add value only to the extent that the opinion of the rating agencies is valued by the market. We have noted with interest the nascent development of a debt rating capacity in Bangladesh and hope to see this sector rise to international standards. . One other extremely important role that debt markets can play is in the development of the hold finance market, an area of activity where the ordinary citizens need to have access to long-term loans to fulfill their dream of owning their own property. While capital markets can not bring down the price of real estate in Bangladesh, efficient capital markets can make housing more affordable, and more attainable, through extending the maturity of loans and lowering monthly repayment terms. 5.Not only will a bond market require good financial foundations, but long-term investment institutions will also need to be developed with demand for longer maturity assets. The insurance and pension markets are currently not fully developed in Bangladesh. These markets should be reformed as they are the inseparable buyers of long-term securities. We understand that the Ministry of Commerce is now in the process of disseminating much awaited investment guidelines which will allow insurance companies to offer more competitive products to their clients by allowing them to invest more productively, and securely, in the capital markets.Reform and development of the pension sector, combined with a new approach to the NSS, should be next on the agenda. 6. The World Bank is already working with the Government and Bangladesh Bank on some of these key issues, and we shall be ready to work further with them within the limits of our own comparative advantage. We have been extremely pleased to see the coordinated approach of the Bangladesh Bank, Ministry of Finance, the SEC and the National Board of Revenue to work with IPD C to bring the first securitization transaction to market in Bangladesh.This has been one solid step towards mobilizing finance for entrepreneurs and has confounded those skeptics who thought that securitization is too school for Bangladesh. Perhaps those skeptics would benefit from seeing the collected talent and enthusiasm for development gathered here in this room today. We would very much like to hope that the next securitization will be another transaction close to our heart, that of the securitization of a portion of the toll revenues of the Jamuna Bridge. The IPDC loan securitization was a long time in the make and the Jamuna Bridge securitization appears to be following the same path.This is a transaction which all experts agree would have a major positive impact not only on capital market development in Bangladesh, but also in mobilizing taka finance for other strategic infrastructure developments such as the proposed Padma Bridge. We can only hope that the Jamuna Bridge securitization will enjoy the same long term success. To facilitate this process, it would be useful to have designated counterparts from the Government and Bangladesh Bank. Such a crucial market as a domestic bond market needs excellent domestic regulation and supervision if investors and borrowers are not to be disappointed or worse.It cannot be created by outsiders. Along with you all, I am eagerly looking previous to the technical sessions, which have been very well-organized. In conclusion, I would urge the participants to discuss the issues at length and provide some specific recommendations for the Government, Bangladesh Bank, the SEC, and indeed all the stakeholders, which can be implemented immediately. This could pave the path for a well-functioning bond market that can change the existing bank-oriented financial system to a multilayered system, where capital markets can complement bank financing. I wish the workshop and its participants all success.

Sociological Theories of social inequality Essay Example for Free

Sociological Theories of social disagreement EssayExplain sociological theories of social inequality is it a good or bad thing? Functionalism, Marxism, Weberianism and Feminism. Social stratification is a system in rules of order which is based on a hierarchy of power, privilege, and prestige this then leads on to what is called social inequality. Social inequality is commonly tied to ethnicity, class and sex activity. White men being at the top of major corporations and discolor females working in the elderly c ar sector can and pull up stakes raise debates of social inequality. wherefore is it mainly white males as the predominant directors and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies? This essay will look into and critique social inequality and what certain theorists shit to say about it. Unequal opportunities are what is mentioned a lot when social inequality is brought up unequal opportunities for different social status as well as different ethnicities. Moreover, the majorit y of the Upper Class and Middle Class in this landed estate are white families and the South Asian community and African as well as eastern European so being treated differently in regard to social status cogitate in very heavily to ethnicity as it coincides to an extent.There are a lot of opportunities that certain sight in society do not have. Inequality of opportunities in Lehmans terms is not getting the same chance at a better life because of your skin colour or gender or social class. As previously mentioned, why is a black male who was publicly educated more likely to spend time in prison than a white man who in return had a private education as therefore he is more likely to charge wealth and success because of this inequality of opportunities? The proletariat are the workers in society and the bourgeoisie are the bountiful business owners and doctors and lawyers of society. Karl Marx, who was a Marxist and started the movement, said that society has two classes of pe ople and they are the two which have just been mentioned.

Business of Data Warehousing Foundations Essay Example for Free

Business of Data Wareho development Foundations EssayExecutive SummarymySupermarket is a food mathematical product obtain and comparison website which aims to provide customers with the best price for their shopping. This report examines how information storehouse provided mySupermarket with the foundation in which to ca intake a succeederful enterprise, and al first baseed a subsequent expansion into the short letter intelligence sector. The re reckon draws oversight to the worrys and limitations that mySupermarket en heel countered including coping with diverse sources of info burgeon forths, customer loyalty issues, achieving real- time information, info integrity and generating a sustainable revenue spud. These problems were tackled respectively through with(predicate) building their own selective information warehouse, adopting a CRM strategy underpinned by their warehouse, adopting Microsofts SQL software, supermarket website crawling, offering targeted advertizement space and the realisation that the coarseness of detail they offered, would allow them to expand into the air intelligence sector.The report appreciates the importance of storing data, but concludes that data itself is the prerequisite to success, and that good focusing is needed to transmute this data into meaningful study. It is therefore a combination of data warehousing and good management that has enabled mySupermarket to execute a successful venture.IntroductionOn the 31st August 2006, entrepreneur Johnny dark received a seven-figure sum from investors to transform the way consumers shop for their groceries. From this, the price comparison site mySupermarket.co.uk was born and the company has utilize data warehousing to give consumers access to cheaper grocery shopping. The venture has not been without its problems, however quad years on the company has withstood Adam Smiths Invisible Hand1 and grown into a c.10m companymySupermarket is a grocery sh opping and comparison site that allows customers to compare and shop from quaternity main(prenominal) UK supermarkets in one central place. Their mission landment is to get the best possible price for your supermarket tramcar while enjoying an easier and more than consumer-friendly shopping experience. Through the use of SQL and data warehousing, mySupermarket is able to collect product pricing, promotion and availability data directly from retailers websites. It and so uses its proprietary engine room to match identical persuade Keeping Units (SKUs) crosswise retailers. After initial investment from Greylock Partners and Pitango Venture Capital (investors in Facebook LinkedIn), mySupermarket require face up the same difficulties as other price comparison sites in generating a sustainable revenue stream aft(prenominal) ascetical declared that the portal would remain free in principle for shoppers.The customer prompting for mySupermarket is to first log into their accoun t. Then favor which supermarket to shop at from Asda, Ocado/Waitrose, Sainsbury or Tesco. Tick their preferred supermarket and choose a tar time/date, then start to shop. mySupermarket is updated on a daily basis so that the prices shown are the most competitive. at one time the customer has made their filling of store, they start to shop by using the tabbed choices along the top of the page. These are divided up into virtual aisles so making a choice from Fruit and Veg, Meat, Fish Poul elbow grease, or Drinks etc. Once shopping has been completed, it then shows basket prices across the four supermarkets and allows the customer an chance to switch supermarkets.This report will critically discuss how data warehousing has enabled mySupermarket to build a successful art model including the benefits and problems that have draw closen from the use of this technology. The report will finally tumble the extent to which data warehousing has contributed to mySupermarkets success.Tec hnologies DiscussedAccording to Bill Inmon2 (1993) data warehousing spate be defined as, asubject-orientated, integrated, time variant and non-volatile, collection of data in go of the management ending making process. It is, in essence, a large data storage facility which enables an enterprise to cumulate a competitive advantage through analytics and business intelligence. Providing integrated access to multiple, distributed, heterogeneous databases and other information sources has become one of the leading issues in database research and industry, IEEE Com tacker (1991) which can be seen through the success of First American Corporation (FAC), cooper et al (2000) and Tesco/Dunnhumby, J. Perry (2009).Data mining is the process of digging-out patterns from data, usually through Clustering, Classification, Regression and Association rule learning. Data mining technology can generate new business opportunities by providing Automated prediction of trends and behaviours. Automated discovery of previously unknown or hidden patterns D. combatant and C. Coombs (2010)This process is carried out by sophisticated software packages such as Oracle, IBM and SQL. This alleviates the (potentially) very time go through task of manually inputting and analysing the dataWithin data warehousing, there is a high importance placed on the quality of data, as without it, meaningful analysis is impossible. Data collection should therefore be taken with a high level of detail, and have solid definitions, as to avoid subjectivity.The purpose of a data warehouse is to support creative strategic decision making through a greater granularity of information with a consistent pick up of whats happening.Customer Relationship Management (CRM) emerged in the 1990s at a time when customers were becoming better informed and less brand loyal. CRM is an desegregation of technologies and business processes used to satisfy the needs of a customer during any interaction, Bose (2002, p. 8 9) and is underpinned by data warehousing. As with fantasy in the FAC case (2000), the subsequentbenefits of CRM, is that firms are able to exploit the 8020 principle which states that somewhat customers are more important/profitable than others. These information sources can only come through data warehousing and data mining.mySupermarket The BeginningThe inspiration for mySupermarket came from Sterns bargain-obsessed elderly relative who would scour the aisles of Tescos to find his favourite tin of baked beans, jot down the price and travel to competitor stores to try and find a better deal. Stern identified the ontogeny interest in online grocery shopping and felt that it was an area that could be exploited (Fig. 1).Figure 1 Mintel Intelligence Online Grocery DataStern spent 18 months before the launch developing the software and tweaking the concept (Fig. 2).Figure 2 Adaption of Martin et al., 2005 193The data warehouse was developed through crawling3 the four supermarket w ebsites and adding product pricing, promotion and availability data to the warehouse. Once this data was implemented in the warehouse, proprietary technology and SQL software allowed mySupermarket to match identical SKUs across retailers. This data was also used in developing its CRM strategy through the use of cookies4 to store data in the customers computer using the functionality of their browser to find out whether the computer has visited the site before and what SKUs they purchased. This enables us to operate an efficient service and to track the patterns of behaviour of visitors to the website. mysupermarket.co.uk. The feature enables mySupermarket to utilize this information by creating functions such as a Regular Shop button, saving customers time on their shopping.mySupermarket ProblemsMany problems can arise through the use of data warehousing, both technically and commercially. According to Mintel Intelligence (2009), Consumer loyalty is fairly low in the price compari son market with more than 14 million people (c.58% of market) having used three or more distinguishable price comparison sites. Underlying these efforts was the recognition that, to succeed with this strategy, it must know its customers exceptionally soundly and leverage that knowledge in website design, service and interaction with their clients. mySupermarket would therefore have to find a strategy to retain a loyal customer base in a notoriously disloyal sector.Kimball Ross (2002) state that a common pitfall of data warehousing is to presume that the business, its requirements, analytics, underlying data and supporting technology are static an early problem mySupermarket encountered was the variation in regional pricing and a growing demand for real-time data.Another problem with data warehousing is ensuring the integrity of data, this is typically a military man procedure and so subject to human error. Even the most sophisticated data mining systems cannot capture good an alysis from poor data. A good illustration of this is from Blastard and Dilnot The Tiger That Isnt where a infirmary survey found that an alarming amount of patients were beingness born on the 11th November 1911. Further investigation showed that nurses often would not fill in patient files properly and to save time, when asked to enter patient D.O.B. they would causa 11/11/11 into the database. No matter how intelligent a computer system is, if you put garbage-in you will get garbage-out.Beynon-Davies (2004) states that data warehousing projects are large scale development projects typically taking up to three years to complete. Some of the challenges of such problems may include selecting, installing and integrating the different hardware and software and also, the diverse sources of data feeding a data warehouse introduces problems of design in monetary value of creating a homogenous data store.Finally, as with all comparison sites, the study obstacle approachmySupermarket was generating a sustainable revenue stream from the database they had accumulated. mySupermarket.co.uk did not generate any revenue 5 months after the website went live. Originally, mySupermarket didnt operate a search give notice (of)ment scheme (a central platform for companies such as Google eg, BP paying for advertising of their oil spill cleanup when people typed in BP Oil Spill G. Cheeseman, 2010) . on that point are also no revenue-sharing agreements in place with the four stores whose prices it monitors in effort to remain independent. This, in part, may stem from mySupermarkets limited market, consisting of a comparison of groceries. mySupermarket recognised that they would have to expand their tension if they were to generate a large enough turnover to operate a successful business.mySupermarket Technological dissembleThe first problem mySupermarket addressed was the industries poor customer loyalty. They decided to attack this through the execution of instrument of a CRM strategy. After the initial launch, mySupermarket was receiving feedback from customers regarding such things as healthy options, promotions on offer, printable shopping controversys and symmetrical shops. mySupermarket realised that the information stored in their data warehouse could be exploited to meet these demands and increase customer utility. Subsequently, a Health Checker feature was launched establish on the Food Standard Authoritys approved traffic light system. In November 2008, the mySupermarket Quick Shop function was added, allowing users to type their shopping list on a virtual notepad and find their required items in one go.As delivery s circles started outpouring out towards Christmas we also introduced a new print your shopping list feature, which was popular, said Stern. A lot of our shoppers are using the website as a quick way to find the best deals and are then going to the supermarket to make their purchases. Recent analysis of visits shows mysupe rmarket.co.uk has a loyal repeat following, with Stern claiming visitors are outgo an average of 20 minutes on the site.Until recently, there were few viable tools to provide real-time data warehousing nor an absolutely current picture of an organizations business and customer J. Vandermay (2001). To combat the problem of achievingreal-time and regional data, mySupermarket used Microsofts SQL software5. Most data integration solutions focus on despicable data only between homogeneous systems and database software. However, SQL integration is capable of moving data among a entire range of databases and systems. It also offers transformational data integration tools to consolidate and synchronize heterogeneous data into a warehouse. This allows consumers to view whether a certain item is in stock in their local store, or view delivery slots for their specific region. This real-time data saves the mySupermarket team having to continually update the warehouse manually.Fortunately for mySupermarket, their website crawling technique allows them to take the SKU data directly from the supermarkets themselves. Therefore data will only be wrong, if the supermarket has made the drift (so would have to sell the item at that price) and so mySupermarket would not be liable.Although Stern took half the time recommended by Beynon-Davies, the warehouse has had to be continuously tweaked since its launch. After its launch mySupermarket noticed a data stream that wasnt being filtered into the data warehouse calories. After the realisation, mySupermarket were able to add a calorie counter function on to the website.For any business to survive, it needs to generate a revenue stream to carry through a sustainable cash flowmySupermarket were able to negotiate with supermarkets a commission of 5 for every(prenominal) first-time buyer that shops through their site and 1 every time thereafter. Other sources of revenue came from the use of advertising, which could be split into two different segments on-site and search-related advertising. Marks Spencer (Fig. 3) are one company that has chosen to advertise with mySupermarket.co.uk as the content is relevant and it is independent from the four supermarkets being compared. Advertisers will typically pay $1.00 $1.50 per 1,000 run-of-site impressions for the advertising placement. However, advertisers may pay even more for targeted sidebar advertisements. Search advertisements are targeted to match key search terms entered on the search engine, these products (advertisements) will then appear first in the search. Danone (Fig. 3) haspaid for advertisement when the search term yoghurt is entered, and so their umbrella brands (eg, Activia) show at the top of the list, increasing its probability of being bought.Figure 3 mySupermarket.co.uk advertising exampleDue to the amount of data mining available to mySupermarket, an opportunity was identified for expansion, called mySupermarket insights. It acts as real-ti me B2B data service for the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. As mySupermarket has access to SKU by SKU trends, it is able to offer extremely high level, intelligent data. The services it offers include New Product phylogenesis (NPD) alert reports, Online auditing reports, Price comparison reports, Product substitution report and Customer profiling reports (allowing for further use of CRM through cluster analysis6). This sort of information is of high value to companies and a subscription to the service can range from 5,000 20,000p.a. (current clients include Kelloggs, Innocent Smoothies, Nielson and Ellas Kitchen).Finally, mySupermarket is often contracted by media companies, such as the free-living to analyse trends for news stories J. Burchill (2010).I feel that information is now widely recognised as being one of the key corporate resources, needing to be carefully managed so that it can be effectively utilised in the decision-making process. Timely, accurate and rel evant information can only be generated, however, if corporate data is stored in a secure, accessible and flexible manner.The following table provides a summary of the impact that data warehousing technology had for mySupermarketFigure 6 Technological Impact SummarymySupermarket ConclusionTo conclude, data warehousing has enabled mySupermarket to cut across issuessuch as customer retention, real-time data and generating revenue. It really does appear that information is key, whereby data is the prerequisite for information. J. Poole et al. (2003) state the underlying sparing thoification is ultimately based on the value a given technology provides to the customers of the computing systems and software products and so the determinate of mySupermarkets success is essentially based on whether people use the technology and the value of the company. Based on an monthly strange user level of 1 million, and 500k registered users turning over c.10m, we can assume that at this point in time mySupermarket is justified economically.On the other hand, you could argue that mySupermarket is a recession business and not a sustainable enterprise. In which case, the rapid growth in recent years could be due to the economic climate and not because there is a long term demand.Looking towards the future, Our investors have international ambitions, Stern said. They see the potential of transporting the model to different markets. mySupermarket are looking to expand the companys development team to support its entry into Europe and the US. mySupermarket are currently looking for another round of funding to bridge G. Murrays (1994) second equity gap. Technology firms often require follow on development funding, as cash is heavily plowed into Prototype testing and Research Development. In terms of an exit, mySupermarket would be very attractive to major FMCG companies such as PG, Unilever and Krafts venture arms. I look at that mySupermarket will achieve their second round fu nding as they are now profitable and have a proven concept that has high growth prospects for the future.Over the past few years there has been a huge growth in the use of numbers and analytics. Businesses are recognising that it is not enough to give-up the ghost harder than the competition they also have to work smarter. Davenport (2006) argues that it is virtually impossible to differentiate yourself from competitors based on products alone(predicate) and so to pull ahead of the pack, businesses need to compete on analytics. In which case, mySupermarket insights is poised in a perfect position to capitalize on this new thirst for business intelligence, whereby companies feel thatthey will have to subscribe to the service to compete on an even playing field.However, it is not enough to just store data, it has to be managed, analyzed, implemented and utilised to convert raw data into real information. mySupermarket realised the benefits of data warehousing and were able to exploi t this, expanding from a mere price-comparison site to a business intelligence supplier to major FMCG companies. I believe that with the current shift towards analytics and business intelligence, mySupermarket has the potential to be a major force in the FMCG sector whilst offering a greater transparency for customers, all of which stems from good management and data warehousing.ReferencesBeyon-Davies, P (2004) Database Systems, 3rd edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke, pp. 527-538 and 547-553Bose, R (2002) Customer Relationship Management Key concepts for IT success, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 89-97Blastland, M Dilnot, A (2007) The Tiger That Isnt Seeing a World Through NumbersBurchill, J (Aug 2010) The self-directed So the Prince of Green Hypocrites is going on tour. Thank God Ill be abroadCooper et al. (2000) Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation Vol. 24, No. 4Champion, D Coombs, C (2010) Handout BSC070 Enterprise Information SystemsCheeseman, G (June 2010) Triple Pundit Is It Ethical For BP To subvert Oil-Spill-Related Google Search Terms?Davenport, T. H (2006) Competing on AnalyticsIEEE Computer (Dec 1991) Special Issue on Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems, 24(12)Inmon, W.H. and Kelley, C (1993) Developing the Data Warehouse. QED Publishing Group, Boston, MassachussettsKimball, R Ross, M (2002) The Data Warehouse Toolkit The Complete track down to Dimensional Modeling, 2nd editionMartin et al., (2005) 193 Managing Information Technology 5th Edition, Pearson Education Inc, pp. 192-195Mintel Intelligence (Oct 2009) Web Aggregators, UKMurray, G (1994) The Second Equity Gap Exit Problems for Seed and Early Stage Venture CapitalistsPerry, J (Nov 2009) Dunnhumby A lifetime of loyalty? RetailWeekPoole, J et al. (2003) Common Warehouse Metamodel Introduction to the standard for data warehouse integrationSmith, A (1959) The Theory of Moral SentimentsVandermay, J (2001) Considerations for Building a Real-ti me Data Warehousea

Rhetoric and Reality Essay Example for Free

Rhetoric and man EssayIn chapter four Black Radicals Rhetoric and Reality, writer tried to locate whether sear powers i. e. militants and radicals had any viable program to organize pitch-dark people or their ideas and action were disarray with no clear agenda. For this purpose, he provides an insight into the ideas and efforts of pioneer of total darkness movement. He starts with the ideas of Malcolm X and analyzed his intellectual modeling for revolutionary Black Nationalism (p. 246) Malcolm X asserted that psychological liberation and black pride argon essential elements to shape black American into an organized whole. But writer is of the view that mostly. His (Malcolms) ideas were misunderstood or misinterpreted and hence they were unable to influence the black movement. He further analyzed the idea of another pioneer of black movement, Stokely Carmichael who stressed on the importance of reformation in black ideology and advocated independent political relation. His c onsidered the capitalist structure as the primary cause if tout ensemble injustice and racial discrimination dominant in the American. He developed a two-pronged strategy to counter racism and capitalistic exploitation.There is attach shift in his ideology later visits to several south American countries and he considered guerrilla warfare an important tool to establish their right on the land, houses and stores. Rap Brown, another chairman of the SNCC advocated military and build up struggle in a more unequivocal way. Carmichael developed a new approach subsequently his visits to Latin world and in February 1968, the enemy of the blacks was no longer the capitalist system. The prime enemy was the unobjectionable man, the honky. (p.250) So Carmichael added racism to capitalism as the new enemy but his reformatory efforts for restructuring the black residential district and to counter these two evil systems were ambiguous as he mostly advocated in favor of socialist economy as the remedy of these evil system. His ideas are mostly paradoxical and writer is of the view that his middle degree background torn him between militant nationalism and accomodationist integrationism (p. 252). writer further delves deep into the different strategies and programs of SNCC to deplumate the batteries of black movement but he asserts that mere speeches and statement does not yield into viable activities.Writer further explores the black student movements and says that typically black students adopt a bourgeois outlook after their graduation and try to assimilate and identify themselves with white community. This attitude of black students made them distrustful in the eyes of less-privileged classes of black community. As black student were not part of White community so they were entangled into a dilemma and this identity crisis was more heightened in Ivy League Schools where they were labeled as white Negroes by their own community.However there was a growing resent ment in black students against the racial policies and they took several armed revolts against the college and government authorities. Writer provides comprehensive details of black students struggle in various college campuses across America during 1968. SNCC and other black activists were in favor a political caller that would the sole representative of African American. The SNCC experience had taught it that both Democrats and Republican parties are not a heal to their afflictions so they worked to establish a black political party at the national level.In this attempt, SNCC and black panthers created an alliance and advocated a struggle for self-determination. Due to several inherent and structural differences these organization failed to merge and move into a political party. Writer sums up the chapter by illustrating that although SNCC and black panther were not representative of the all black radicals but their ideas manifested the ideas and activities pf radicals elements during the black movement.

Google the Best Company Essay Example for Free

Google the stovepipe Company EssayThe competition is steep for any company seeking to grow one of the Best, and certainly for any company that shows up in the 1 slot. Yet Google chose a not bad(p) role model to help them create the special culture that has supported their success. While definitely creating and adjacent their own path, leaders at Google also turned to Genentech (1 on the Best Companies list in 2006) as a source of ideas and wisdom to guide their growth as a company.And they have bighearted well, with confidence that their unique culture and approach to work life have contributed to the overall suc- cess of the organization. In their polish Audit (a key component of the Best Com- panies evaluation process) they state, There is no hard data that gage ever prove that a free lunch and a multicultural, campus-like environment con- tribute to the organizations success and profit.What end be proven is that Google is growing at an immense pace retention of emplo yees is high, attrition is low and revenues atomic number 18 strong ($6. 1B in 2005). People are eager to work at Google and applications to our job openings are extremely high (approximately 1,300 resumes a day). Googles employees confirm what is reported in the Culture Audit, with 95% of the employees who responded to the employee survey part of the Best Companies evaluation process saying, Taking everything into account Id say this is a great place to work.Thats an extraordinary conception for a fast paced, stressful yet exhilarating work environment. Even people who leave Google to try on something different do so reluctantly (SF Chronicle, 1/7/07). Googles leaders have figured come to the fore the formula that works for them by treating people with respect, supporting their creative endeavors, and working hard to adhere to their precept of Dont be evil. Its not magic, or rocket science or paternalism or entitlement.In some ways it is plain common sense. As they explain in their Culture Audit Our employees, who call themselves Googlers, are everything. Google is form around the ability to attract and leverage the talent of exceptional technolo- gists and business people. We have been lucky to come in many creative, principled and hard working stars. We hope to recruit many more in the future. As we have from the start, we will reward and treat them well.

The Authorship Controversy Essay Example for Free

The Authorship Controversy EssayA nonher competitor for the authorship of Shakespeares works is Francis Bacon. One of the major origins for this belief is the existence of a document which bears the names of Shakespeare and Bacon. The Northumberland Manuscript consists of list of speeches and other manuscripts which have been signed By Francis William Shakespeare. Bacon has been known to highlight aspects of a orphic or disguised life. In The Essay of Friendship Bacon relieves there be some whose lives are as if they perpetually played a part upon a stage, disguised to all others, open only to themselves. In a letter written to his friend John Davies, Bacon writes So desiring you to be good to c oncealed poets, I continue, yours very assured, Fr. Bacon. Francis Bacons vocabulary has been found to be extremely similar to each other. Another reason why several scholars believe that Francis Bacon is actually the author behind Shakespeares work is the detail that Bacon neer directly menti iodind Shakespeares name or quoted anything from Shakespeares plays. Moreover, some believe that when comparing the writings of intimately contemporary authors, no 1 comes close to Shakespeares style of prose and verse as Bacon.In fact a large number of words and phrases that are found in Shakespeares books can be attributed to Bacons notebook Promus which consists of hundreds and thousands of words and phrases that appeared for the first time in the English Language. (BBC UK) However, those who have argued that Bacon could not be Shakespeare have done so on the basis of the fact that Bacon himself has such a large assembling of his own works, it is difficult to imagine that he would have had the time or the need to write below a different name.(Shakespeare Resource Center) The third contender is Edward De Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford whose work has shown similarities to that of Shakespeare. His early verse and earn have been known to contain words and phrase s similar to that of Shakespeare. Moreover, the content of Shakespeares plays and poems indicate an in-depth knowledge of see persons in Elizabeths court and events related to them. De Vere was known to posses this information. De Vere has been strongly advocated to be the neat author of Shakespeares plays.Several scholars have highlighted the similarity between De Veres guardian William Cecil and the character of Polonius in hamlet. (Shakespeare Resource Center) Similarly, De Vere once wrote s poem and a letter to introduce Cardamus Comfort, a book by Thomas Bedingfield and one of the most important source book for Shakespeares Hamlet. Another coincidence is the character of Malvolio in Shakespeares Twelfth Night which shows a striking resemblance to Christopher Hatton, a key enemy of De Vere.Thus, in many of Shakespeares plays and sonnets, one can find characters and events similar to De Veres real life. In fact, the plot and characters of Hamlet are so similar to De Veres life that some scholars have even gone so far as to say that the play is practically an autobiography of De Vere. (Shakespeare-Oxford) Although no play can be attributed to De Vere, his verse and letters show a distinct similarity to Shakespeare.Although no one has been able to make it any definite proof of who out of the many contenders was indeed the true author of Shakespeares work, until now this debate has been one of the most bulky in literary history. Whoever wrote Shakespeares works had to have extensive knowledge on a large variety of subjects including law, music, foreign languages, classics, sports, aristocratic manners etc. nix that is known intimately William Shakespeare indicates that he possessed all this information and knowledge.Similarly, Shakespeares connection with the theater was neer clearly established and there was nothing to document his career as an actor such as any past roles or any plays that he might have performed in. Moreover, there are no clear and legible signatures that can be attributed to Shakespeare. Historically, there are six practically illegible signatures, each different from the other and each of them from the latter period of his life i. e. three on his will, one on a deposition, and two on some property documents.Not a single signature has been seen with any of his literature. (The Beginners Guide) Stratfordians have been consistently downplaying these debates and believe that since so many contenders have been considered to be the true Shakespeare, the notion is absurd to begin with. There cannot be so many possible candidates to substitute one person (approximately eight Elizabethans have been considered for this role) and thus there really is no logic for this premise and no(prenominal) of the so-called contenders are Shakespeare. (The Beginners Guide)Overall, there are several arguments which assert that Shakespeare did not write the plays and sonnets that have been attributed to him. He did not have the bac kground or breeding to do so did not have the education to write such lyrics and prose did not have the depth his plays possess which only a University educated individual would have. Moreover, his name is spelt Shaksper on his birth certificate and the authenticity of his signatures has in any case been questioned. There is no reasonable explanation as to why he retired to Stratford at the peak of his career.There is also no logic of why he was not painted during his lifetime or the fact that his terminal entry in the registry lists him as a Gent instead of a dramatist, playwright or poet. The debate has never been concluded and one cannot be sure when or how it will. (The Authorship Controversy)Bibliography 1. Information about Shakespeare from the Shakespeare Resource Center. Available online at http//www. bardweb. net/debates. html 2. Gross, John. Will the Real Shakespeare Please Stand Up? Commentary, Vol. 119, March 2005

Technology in the 20th Century Paper Essay Example for Free

Technology in the twentieth Century Paper EssayThere are legion(predicate) notable advances made in engineering that took place during the twentieth century. The valet de chambre gradu every last(predicate)y moved from the industrial age into the technology age during this era. once technology took hold nothing could hold back the flood of its advancement and the innovation that grew from it. Of all of the big advancements three standouts that are intimately connected are the inventions of the radio, computers, and the internet. The radio could be said as the commence of the information age and the sharing of information worldwide. The RadioThe radio actually made it possible for the stolon time in earthly concerns history for an audience to hear a person from mevery miles away. Before the television the radio was a way of gathering of people and families to share news and the storytelling that would shake off once perhaps been told around a communal fire. According to Ki nsey, between the years of 1909 and 1927 Britain, America, Australia, South Africa, and the Netherlands were all broadcasting wirelessly through the radio (Kinsey, 2005). During this time radio broadcasts were all commercial, but that soon gave way to opposite kinds of broadcasts including music.ComputersAnother huge advancement created in the twentieth century is the computer. The computers that are enjoyed now hardly resemble the huge calculating machines that were created around the time of the second world war. In 1944 the very rootage electronic- machinelike computer called MARK 1 was created at Harvard. This machine was a massive calculator that was fifty maven feet wide and eight feet tall (Chee, 1997). The beginning of the smaller computers that we know today started in 1959 when Honeywell developed the first computers that used transistors. These were followed by IBM who used integrated circuits. The very first personal computers were built in the 1970s with the comput ers that are recognizable today starting in 1974 with the first Apple PC being created in 1977. Computer technology continues to grow and expand creating increasingly smaller and faster machines to keep upwith todays fast paced life. The small seven or eight inch portable ipad has little relation to its humongous forefather the MARK 1.The internetThe internets history is tied to the government and the frozen War in the 1960s. The over 300,000 networks that cover much of the world actually saw its beginning as a system that was created to use satellites and radio transmissions to communicate for the military. The problem with the system was that there were not any networks to share the information. A system that solved this problem was created in 1982 and by 1993 the World Wide wind vane was popularized by nuclear physists that needed to communicate with each other (Chee, 1997). By the end of the 1980s a number of mostly professional people were utilizing the Internet and email, but by the 1990s the internet would follow up massive growth. By the end of 1999 the number of people using the internet was estimated to be 248 million (Cohen, 2011). The world has been made a smaller place because of the internet. People all around the earth can control events that are happening real time in places they may never physically get to visit. The numerous challenges that persist for humanity are made visible on a daily basis which in turn can be a way for people to see one another as extensions of themselves instead of enemies to be conquered.In conclusion, the social changes that arose from two world wars fertilized a society that was eager to pick out and explore our world. While the society of the twentieth century struggled to gain realistic views of humanity, technological advancements like the radio, computers, and the Internet helped to create a much smaller world. The technology that is taken for granted in todays society had very humble beginnings in the t wentieth century. That technology has helped to close the gap and erase roughly of the imaginary lines that have historically separated the worlds population. These innovations have helped to heal the collective scars of decades of war, proving to humanity that we are alike in more ways than we could ever imagine.ReferencesChee, H. W. (1997, Mar 27). Brief look at the history of computers. New Straits Times. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/269127308?accountid=458Cohen-Almagor, R. (2011). Internet History. International Journal of Technoethics (IJT), 2(2), 45-64. doi10.4018/jte.2011040104ArticleKinsey, M.(2005). Radio. In Key concepts in journalism studies. Retrieved from http//search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/entry/sageukjour/radio/0