Business Ethics :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Businesses have power through their ability to spend enormous amounts of money. They have the ability to enhance or change situations that the gross idiosyncratic does non. As organizations affect many throng, they have obligations to their employees, consumers, community and the world. They have a responsibility to conduct business in a way that is not harmful and which positively benefits as many people as executable and themselves. Although this sounds simple, it is easier said than done as there will always be a conflict of interest between various groups of people. Any decisions do by businesses need to be made with an informed awareness of the specific situation and then act according to some sort of scheme of principals which is Business Ethics. What is Business Ethics? Business ethics is exactly the similar as normal ethics, and that is knowing what is remediate or wrong, and learning what is right and what is wrong in a business environment. Then doing the right t hing, and the right thing is not as straightforward as explained in many business ethics books. Most ethical dilemmas in the body of work are not simply a matter of Should she steal from him? or Should he lie to his boss? Businesses privynot function without ethics, why? Society dictates a set of rules and conformities and seeing as all businesses strive after common goals it means that these goals can only be achieved on the basis of standards, value and morals in society. It can be assumed that business career has to be called moral as well. As in society, standards and values are impromptu formed once people come thats when morals come into effect, and when businesses try on implicit or explicit ways to achieve true goals and then are agreed on. Businesses in general are functional on the basis of an ethics that settles different interests. The standards and values within companies can be characterized as mutual respect. In this respect it is in everyones interest, and i s considering people as an end in themselves, not as a means, reciprocity and fairness. This ethics is passed down and filtered to a group of stakeholders who have an interest in the company. These parties usually are personnel, customers, suppliers, subcontractors, shareholders, society and those who speak on behalf of the environment and incoming generations. Many ethicists say theres always a right thing to do based on moral principle, and others believe the right thing to do depends on the situation, ultimately its up to the individual on what they do and on what they believe to be the right thing is.

Report on Key Issues in Small Business Enterprises

Key issues in picayune ancestry enterprises Personal thoughtful Report Zdravko Mihaylov BA (HONS) care Enterprise Development2012 Introduction mild championship enterprises argon important for the modern market economy in cost of innovation, employment and flexibility. They atomic number 18 the backbone of our economy. Around 98. 6% of all transmission linees are considered small (Goodman, 2006) and every great(p) business was at some request small. Small business enterprises are very different to large(p) business enterprises.They ope localise in different circumstances, such as having different heed techniques, facing different fiscal constraints and issue choices, and bearing different comparative regulatory burdens. This newspapers aim is to identify some of the discern issues facing small business enterprises today, addressed in the Enterprise pay unit, in order to give give away view of the challenges presented in their survival of the fittest and growth. Small business enterprises are often at a hawkish disadvantage to large business enterprises.They whitethorn bring on difficulty achieving economies of scale, where large enterprises pick up already been well established, they often keep back difficulty in acquiring sources of finance and they whitethorn have problems with presidency policy and ordinance, which are often designed to assist specifically large enterprises (Holmes et al, 2003). otherwise factors that may bring to small enterprise failure include poor credence management, poor stock management, poor pricing practice, spendthrift clams distribution, excessive investment in long term assets and others (Holmes et al, 2003142).They are very mutually beneficial on the founding owners and have high business risk. Evaluation In summary, two broad forms of business failure git be identified. The rootage involves the start-up of the business, bankruptcy, liquidation, voluntary wind-up/closure. The second form is where the business continues to operate, but the return on capital, time and effort contributed by owners is bellow the desired. Small business enterprises have difficulty competing with already established large enterprises.New enterprises rarely have the pecuniary backing to set up a large-scale operation to aim immediate advantage of scale economies. Except the challenges brought by the lack of register and reputation, a development of a price cutting war may become a great threat to small enterprises, as they may not have the monetary capacity to withstand such competition. most of the scale economies not available to small enterprises are listed in view 1. 1 in the Appendices. A way of overcoming those issues is adopting strategies to overcome some of the disadvantages or to target small niche markets in which to operate.Small business enterprises suffer from inveterate undercapitalisation as they often have limited access to the capital and capital markets (Tamari, 198 0). Two main gaps can be identifies as responsible for that knowledge gap lack of awareness of appropriate sources of finance and their relative merits resulting in restricted use of debt Supply gap unavailability of funds or exceeding cost of debt. Another barrier is the required higher rate of return on funds invested or lent due to the higher risk in small business enterprises (Storet, 1994).Problems can even mystify from the owners inclination of not wanting to share control of the business with investors. Other frequent cause of small business failure is the lack of liquid state or little financial planning and control. Two critical completions of financial needs are identified within the business life roulette wheel the start up and the rapid expansion. To overcome this problem and avoid overtrading1, a long-term finance source is needed. Different financial stress factors have also been identified by Hutchinson and Ray (1986) in separately dress of the lifecycle, whi ch can be seen on Figure 1. in Appendices. Another study challenge for small enterprises is the burden of complying with government regulations. Part of the burden problem can be attributed to poorly designed legislations. Two disadvantages are seen by this, listed in Figure 1. 2 in the Appendices. While a agglomerate of studies show that small enterprises face a greater relative accordance burden than large enterprises, some consider that many of them are so flawed that we must view their findings with scepticism (Brock and Evans, 1986 pp. 134-5).When looking at the small rigid survival over a degree of time, a bring out variable is enlighten profit. It is defined by subtracting all operational cost from gross profits and the costs of closing down a business. For staying in business over a period of time, it is required that net profit should not fall below zero. In fortune of being positive, the firm might have some prospect for growth, while in case of being zero, it is j ust breaking even. If it stays negative for a period of years, it invites failure and exit from the market.Thus one might express that for staying in business, net profit should be non-negative. Small business enterprises usually have centralized control by the owner, thus his managing skills are critical for the survival of the business. Perry and Pendelton (1983) estimated that 90% of the business failures are associated with management inexperience and/or incompetence. It has been identified that managerial roles relate to the lifecycle of a business enterprise (Holmes et al, 2003150), so different managerial skills are required for each lifecycle stage.In other words, if owners do not have the necessary managerial skill for each stage, the business might be at a great risk. Conclusion The objective of this project was to desexualize the key issues facing small business enterprises today, discussed in the Enterprise finance unit, and to draw the knowledge gained. Firstly, the r eport begins with analysis of the disadvantages of barrier of entry, Overtrading1 when a business expands without a solid financial foundation financial and government regulation issues of small enterprises.The report continues with examination of the survival over a period of time and the role of the owner-manager in small business enterprises. The issues listed in this report cannot be generalised for all small business enterprises, as each one has a unique organise, resources and capabilities. Further research may be required in this area before any decisive conclusions can be drawn. Bibliography Brock, W. A. , & Evans, D. S. (1986). The Economies of Small Businesses Their Role and Regulation in the US Economy. Holmes and Meier New York. Goodman, G. (2006).Five Challenges Every Small Business Owner Faces. From http//ezinearticles. com/? Five-Challenges-Every-Small-Business-Owner-Faces&id=158921 Holmes et al. (2003). Small Enterprise Finance. John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd Sydney Perry, C. , & Pendelton. W. (1983). Successful Small Business Management. Pitman Publishing Sydney. Storey, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business Sector. Routledge London. Tamari, M. (1980). The financial structure of the small firm. American Journal of Small Businesses, 44 20-34. Appendices &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Figure 1. 1 Scale economies of large enterprises, not available to small enterprises Longer production runs based on larger and more technologically advanced appoint and machineryQuantity discounts on input purchasesEmploying specialistsMore widespread advertisingAccess to more forms of finance on better terms and conditionsMore sophisticated information gatheringLower unit costs in complying with government regulations and reporting obligations (Adopted from Holmes et al. , 2003, pp. 52-53) &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Figure 1. 2 Govern ment regulation disadvantages A greater relative cost burden in complying with many forms of government regulation, because of the demonstrable fixed costs involvedGovernment policy measures being designed to assist large enterprises more than small enterprises (Adopted from Holmes et al. , 2003, pp. 54) &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Figure 1. 3 A view of the financial lifecycle of a smaller growth enterprise Stage Finance apply Predominant financial stress factor Inception Owners resources Undercapitalisation Growth 1 (Take-off) Owners resources plus retained profits, trade credit,

Business Marketing

Chapter 7 LO1. in that respect ar four major purports that have influenced world conduct and oecumenical merchandising . first sensation is decline of economic protectionism , is the practice of shield one or more industries within a countrifieds economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas . gage is rise of economic integration , just like creation of the European Union and the North Amerifanny Free Trade Agreement . tierce , there exists world-wide competition among planetary companies for global consumers , resulting in firms adopting global merchandise strategies and promoting global brands .And finally , is the emergence of a networked global marketspace has emerged utilise internet engine room as a tool for exchanging goods , services , and knowledge on a global scale. LO2. world(a) marketing efforts was shape by three major environmental . first , cultural diversity , including a societys values , customs and cultural symbols and langu age . fleck , Economic considerations which include economic infrastructure , consumer income and purchasing power , money exchange rates is also shape global marketing efforts . The extend one is political-regulatory clime .Its for marketing in a country or region of the world means not only identifying the current climate but deter mine how long a favorable or disapproving climate will cobblers last . LO3. exporting , licensing , sound out venture , and develop entrustment argon four alternative approaches for entering global markets . Exporting involves producing goods in one country and selling them in another country . A smart set offers the right to a trademark , patent , trade secret , or other similarly valued item of reason property in return for a royalty or bung , that is licensing .When a foreign company and a local firm invest together to create a local business it is called a joint venture . They share ownership , control , and the profits of the new compan y . Finally , The direct investment is which entails a domestic firm genuinely investing in and owning a foreign subsidiary or element , that is the biggest commitment a company skunk make when entering the global market . LO4. Successful global marketers standardize global marketing programs whenever attainable and customize them wherever necessary .Companies distinguish between standardization and customization when crafting worldwide marketing programs . Standardization means that all elements of the marketing program are the same across counties and finishings , like Coca-Cola ,Levis jeans or Sony consumer electronics. Customization means that one or more elements of the marketing program are adapted to equal the needs or preferences of consumers is a particular country or culture .Like McDonalds does not sell beef hamburgers in its restaurants in India because the daunt is considered sacred by almost 85 percent of the population . Global marketers apply a simple rule whe n crafting worldwide marketing programs standardize marketing programs whenever possible and customize them wherever necessary . Chapter 8 LO1. merchandising explore is the process of defining a marketing problem and probability , systematically collecting and analyzing learning, and recommending actions .Marketing look into reduces risk by providing the vital reading to help marketing managers understand those wants and needs and translate them into marketing actions. LO2. Those are five- note decisions-making process to collect information that will help improve marketing decisions when engage marketing inquiryers. Define the problem is the first step should do . Every marketing problem faces its own research challenges , should setting the research objective and identifying possible marketing actions .Develop the research plan is the second step in the marketing research process requires , which the researcher specify the constaints on the marketing research activity , ide ntify the selective information needed for marketing decisions , and determine how to collect the info . Collect relevant information is the undermentioned step , which includes considering pertinent secondary information and primary data as well as victimization information technology and data mining to trigger marketing actions . Step 4 is develop findings from the marketing research data collected .This involved analyze the data and present the findings of the research . The last step is take marketing actions , which involves implement the action recommendations , pronounce the results . LO3. Secondary data have already been recorded before the scratch line of the project and consist of two parts internal secondary data , which originate from within the organization , much(prenominal) as gross revenue reports and node comments , and external secondary data , which are created y other organizations , such as the U. S.Census Bureau , or business and trade publications , P rimary data are collected specifically for the project and are obtained by either observing or questioning nation . LO4. Marketing researchers observe people in various ways , such as electronically using Nielsen people meters to measure TV viewing behavior or in person using mystery shoppers or ethnographic techniques . A recent electronic innovation is neuromarketing useing high-tech brain scanning to record the responses of a consumers brain to marketing stimuli like packages or TV ads .Questionnaires involve request people questions in person using interviews or focus groups or via a questionnaire using a telephone, fax , print, e-mail , or internet survey . Panels involve a sample of consumers or stores that are repeatedly measured through time to see if their behaviors change . Experiments , such as test markets , involve measuring the effect of marketing variables such as price or advertising on sales . Collecting data from social networks like Facebook or Twitter is increa singly important because users can share their opinions about products and services with countless friends around the globe.LO5. Todays marketing managers are often overloaded with datafrom internal sales and customer data to external on TV viewing habits or grocery purchases from the scanner data at checkout counters Information technology enables this massive amount of marketing data to be stored , accessed , and processed . The resulting databases can be queried using data mining to find statistical relationships serviceable for marketing decisions and actions . LO6. One approach uses subjective judgments of the decision maker , such as direct or lost-horse forecasts . A direct forecast involves estimating the alue to be forecast without any intervening steps . A lost-horse forecast starts with the last known value of the item being forecast , and then lists the factors that could arrogate the forecast , assesses whether thy have a positive or negative daze , and makes the fin al forecast . Surveys of knowledgeable groups , a second method , involves obtaining information such as the intentions of potential buyers or estimates of the salesforce . Statistical methods involving extending a phase observed in past data into the future are a third approach . The best-known statistical method is linear trend extrapolation .

Internship with Credit Analysis

Met people from divers(prenominal) departments, asked on the Job they perform. I and another trainee passing internship in ORBS had an Introductory meeting, where our supervisors explained Bank structure, its goals and objectives. . During the whole terminus of internship in retail Unit, I have catched a constituent about the doss, about Bank products, on how to find potential customers, how to suffer them loyal to the Bank, what procedures and legal documentation to set the deal. I was introduced to Asset gross revenue and RAM work. Worked under the supervision of Senior Relationship Manager, observed the work processes of other units Customer Service Unit (CSS), Sales Department and Retail Transfer Operations.Assisted on indoor meeting, as well as on meetings with thickenings, worked on client base, wise(p) how managers evaluate credit risk RAM is a relationship Manager, whos main responsibilities are client search and client support. Now I have realized that in any orga nization, as well as in the bank, customer relationship is very important, as I would like to say, RAM is the first step of all study banking trading operations. 3. Remained time I conducted in Corporate Department. Assisted on evaluation of the credit risk analysis of the company, under the supervision of employees. Learned how to hand a credit risk analysis consolidated balance tatter analysis with all ratios required, market analysis.Benefits to the Student great opportunity to learn and practice in the sphere of finance and banking business learn how to substance abuse financial modeling in practice life experience of on the job(p) with real financial documents work in the real business environment, under the time pressure The colleagues showed high cooperation in sharing their experience and belatedly knowledge in the operations of ORBS. The skills and theoretical knowledge acquired on the finance courses in SKIMP was of great value, and I found them very impelling in performing my duties and responsibilities. The main difficulty faced during the internship process was the Iterance AT languages AT study (Engels) Ana ten language AT ten companys documents and operations (Russian).However, this was not a big obstacle because my colleagues helped me to understand and learn the translations and meanings of Russian financial and accounting terms. This internship gave me such benefits as real life banking experience, invigorated skills. I have seen the operations of the bank from different points, Ive been in different departments during the internship, get accustomed to the variety of Jobs in the Bank, learned the structure, the culture, the goals and objectives. I learned how to evaluate credit risk of both private and corporate customers. Recommendations and suggestions I would recommend students to take an internship instead research projects or substitute courses, in order to have a working experience before the graduation that will help them more easily get into gear.

Creative Toys Company

The role of social system in the case was highly great because in the organization, The Creative Toys Company, all the people in it and their relationships to one a nonher(prenominal) atomic number 18 mutually interdependent. This was evident in the case wherein in the transit department, the eight members divided their work among themselves in order produce much than toys. Thus, at the beginning, their department surpassed all other departments in production for 12 months.The impact on productivity is that the employees had a dysfunctional effect on the organization because they were unwilling to use their talents and were resistant to to organizational changes. This was based on the case wherein the physical layout of the department did not facilitate efficient relations flow to and from the other departments hence the plant manager decided to vocal in consultants to determine a way production could be increase without physical expansion and the suggestion was for the rearr angement of the work areas in the transportation department. dickens months after the change was implemented, the departments productivity was declining hence it seemed they didnt want to do nifty with their job because they were unsatisfied with the organizational change. In terms of the organizations communication, it seems that the organization was not able to give tongue to the key elements of the firms culture and vividly reinforce the set of the organization. This was based on the case wherein the plant manager tried to acquire to Mr. Wilson the problem of the department nevertheless instead of keeping an open assessment and listening to the needs of his employees, he honorable disregarded it. By not listening to his employees, Mr. Wilson did not give them the chance to have individualization which take the employees to rebel since they didnt have a strong impact or influence on the organization. An open organization is defined as a network of personal and social rela tionships (alliances, cliques, friendships) that arise as people associate with other people in a work environment.In the case, this everyday organization caused the regaining that Mr. Wilson was trying to figure out. A system could be considered as the heart of an organization that makes its different departments function well just like organs, but it should never be forgotten that it is still the humankind that run the system. Without humans, the system of a company or an organization, no emergence how technologically advanced it is, will be useless. As shown in the case, Mr. Wilson counterbalance hired special consultants to analyse and change the business process but in the end, they found out that the problem they were looking for was not in the system but actually in the people running the system, which were the employees. This is because the employees had an informal organization brought about by a single reason which is requital related. The informal organization is t heir way of voicing out their concern to the forethought and making their presence felt.Their somehow rebellious act caused a dysfunctional effect to the company that forced the management to look for the current issue concerning the companys performance. There are a sight of factors that motivate people. Some pauperizations are just because of a deadline, some because of the rewards they go far for doing a great job, or just the self fulfilment complicated in the whole process of doing the job. Motivation also contributes a upsurge in the quality of output or work and plays a good role in maximizing a persons potential.making a person feel important, and giving him the proper respect and order as a person will make him feel move to do better and maintain this image that you have of him especially if you are the boss. Although, giving a person a reason not to throw motivated can have its toll on you as a leader and as part of an organization that is output oriented. Lack o f want will transform a persons point of public opinion towards work, lack of motivation will turn every task into a burden instead of an opportunity to strive and do better.In the case, Mr. Wilson believably was a nice boss due to the fact that his workers has stayed with him for at least(prenominal) 2 years. The problem comes in when there is an issue involving all workers that affect their motivation to work, which is their low salary. No matter how much changes to the system Mr. Wilson does, the results stayed the aforesaid(prenominal) because this one issue has caused the workers to not strive to do better anymore. They lacked the motivation to prove their worth to Mr. Wilson by actually trying to do more than what is expected of them.

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay – Explain How 2 Characters Changed over the Course of the Book

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay mental institution * Thesis In To Kill A Mockingbird, characters such as Calpurnia and chick Radley are not who they are do out to be in the beginning of the play to both the readers and lookout man. * Point 1 Jem and spotter name that Calpurnia, their housekeeper, is not who they thought she was. * Point 2 The Finchs and the people of the township pick up that hissing Radley is not the same man they thought he was. sentry and Jem is not the articulate servant they made her out to be every(prenominal) these years in their house.Her role is the household is much different compared to early(a) families. Calpurnia has pretty much taken the role as the mom, in the house. This one and only(a) time, she disciplined Scout at the dinner party table when they had Walter over for dinner and Scout made a rude comment. However, Scouts and Jems view of Calpurnia changed when they went to church with her when Atticus could not take them. When they arrived at the church, Calpurnia was confronted by Lula for brining white chillun (Lee 119) in a black church. They heard Calpurnia use sop up and words they had never ever come out of her mouth.This newly ascertained side of Calpurnia confused the children. They could not understand how their well respected and well-spoken housemaid could be so dirty. When Scout suspicioned her about it later on, Calpurnia explained herself folk dont like to scram somebody around knowin more than than they do. It aggravates em. Youre not gonna change any of them by talkin right, theyve got to want to select themselves, and when they dont want to learn themselves theres zero point you can do but keep your mouth shut or talk their language. (Lee 126) Calpurnias explanation really answered Scouts question as to why she had to talk nigger-talk. (Lee 125) The people of Maycomb do not hasten the right perspective of Boo Radley. The rumor that subscribe surrounded him and his family have caused him t o stay within the confines of his home. The rumors say that he killed his mother and stabbed a family member with a pair of scissors. Over the summer, the kids (Scout, Jem, and Dill) acted out the story of Boo Radley and his family over the summer.Also, when Jem and Dill rolled Scout down the hill in the tire, they refused to help Scout get out since she had landed in his (Boo Radleys) property. However, the children have it all wrong. In the beginning of the book, Jem and Scout start finding gifts in the hole of the oak at the edge of his land which he had been placing there. some other instance where they were proven wrong was when he gave Scout a chimneypiece during the fire that took out Miss Maudies home. Again, no one had any idea he had done this.The biggest reason as to why everyone has made out Boo Radley all wrong was when he saved Jem and Scout from Mr. Ewell. Conclusion * Thesis In To Kill A Mockingbird, characters such as Calpurnia and Boo Radley are not who they are made out to be in the beginning of the play to both the readers and Scout. * Point 1 Jem and Scout learn that Calpurnia, their housekeeper, is not who they thought she was. * Point 2 The Finchs and the people of the town realize that Boo Radley is not the same man they thought he was.

Reconstructionalism †Curriculum Essay

Reconstuctionism in not a fully developed philosophy of life or of education. Many writers consume it as further an extension of progressivism, the educational philosophy. Like progressivism, it is based on the pure philosophy of pragmatism. Therefore, its answers to basic questions atomic number 18 the same. In answer to the ontological question of what is real, reconstructionists agree that everyday, personal experience constitutes reality. The epistemological question asks What is accuracy and how do we kip down legality? The reconstructionist alleges that truth is what works, and we arrive at truth by means of a process of trial and error. The axiological question asks What is unplayful and beautiful? The reconstructionists answer to this is whatever the public consensus says it isEducational schemeAs far as his educational views are concerned, the reconstructionist sees things the same agency as the progressiveup to a point. For example, reconstructionists hope that educatees learn more, memorialise it longer, and apply it to new situations better if they learn through experience, rather than through being told something.As they see it, the memorizeers main division is that of a resource person or a research come out director who guides the educatees learning rather than being a dispenser of knowledge. In this role, the teacher carries on a dialogue with students, back uping them identify problems, frame hypotheses, limit data, draw appropriate conclusions, and select efficacious courses of achievement (praxis).Reconstructionists dont imagine in a predetermined curriculum. They would use the subject case from any or all disciplines when needed to sort out a problem. They would belike deal more, however, with the subject outlet of friendly experience (the social sciences) in solving problems.The teaching methods prefered by reconstructionists are (1) the pupil-teacher dialogue and (2) praxis. practice is effective action. In oth er words, reconstructionists favor applying the problem-solving method (scientific method) of the progressives to real-life problems. After oneness has reached an intellectual solution to a problem, reconstructionists favor carefully thought-out social action to remedy or ameliorate the problem.Reconstructionists, like progressives, do not favor any type of ability grouping. They feel students should be grouped only upon the basis of common interests.Reconstructionists also like flexible student seating room arrangements, but since there is so much battle outside the classroom, seating is not even an issue.Reconstructionists share the progressives view of student discipline. Moreover, they feel that if students are actively involved in bringing active limiting in areas that concern them, they leave not choke frustrated, and therefore, leave behind not be likely to become discipline problems.Reconstructionists prefer to treasure students subjectively on the basis of their a bility as a social activist rather than give written examinations. Like progressives, they feel that student self-evaluation has a proper place.Reconstructionists PlatformReconstructionists differ portentously from progressives in the matter of social policy. Progressives acknowledge the rapidly changing conditions around us. But they are content to just teach students how to cope with change. It has been said that progressives seek to teach students how to reach intellectual solution to problems. This often culminates in writing a paper, doing a report or a project of some contour. This kind of education would tend to mirror the contemporary society. On the other hand, reconstructionists suppose that students must learn through practical experience how to direct change and control it. They believe strongly that our culture is in crisis. They believe that things will get uncontrollably bad unless we intervene to direct change and thereby reconstruct the social order.Reconstructio nsists believe that a Utopian Future is a genuine possibility for mankind if we learn how to intervene and to direct change. They believe that the school should train students to be social activists in the tradition of Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph Nader and Jesse Jackson.Reconstructionists believe that we should apply the reflective inquiry method to lifes problems. They feel, however, that we should be prepared to act upon our conclusions. This requires a sense of commitment and responsibility on the part of students. This goal of initiating change is of course very controversial. For this reason, reconstructionism has never caught on fully in our schools. Questions have been raised concerning whether or not schools should become a tool for re-making society. Questions have also been raised as to whether students at any age have the intellectual and social maturity to figure in social action.Advocates of social action contend that the more involvement we have, the bette r off we will be as a society. They claim that as things stand now, only a small percentage of race get involved in social issues because they do not know how to do so. Advocates of social action emphasize that it can be safely practiced if certain common-sense safeguards are applied. For example1) Young students should be support to act in a more limited setting than of age(p) students, such as the classroom or school, rather than the larger community.2) Teachers should help students weigh the probable outcomes of various lines of social action before anything is done. They should witness whether or not a given action will solve or ameliorate a problem. Moreover, they should consider the probable side effects of a given line of action, including how it will impact on significant others.3) Teachers should work with students to get them to accept the consequences (good or bad) of their actions, once they have interpreted place, without complaining or expecting to be let off the hook. This is important if a sense of commitment and responsibility is to be nurtured.

Integration versus generic approach Essay

integration versus Generic ApproachAuthor furrowThis paper is being submitted on November 17, 2013, HS/100 Introduction to Human go course.Integration versus Generic ApproachThe integration concept is that which emphasiss on the integrating of the various military personnel services systems under peerless organizational or administrative system. In the most basic terms, an merged service delivery approach serves people better, more efficiently and effectively.Integration calls for people within agencies to be involved and invested in the process of sustain open change. To achieve truly integrated services, organizations must overcome their own interests and waitress at clients needs. (Friedman and Pagan, 2011).Today technology allows human service agencies to have a comprehensive view of client need, giving caseworkers the best information to purport at services across programs and to allocate available resources to assist customers. This enables agencies to position necessary services quickly in a well-coordinated fashion (Freidman and Pagen, 2011). The generic wine approach to human services, in part, has integration, but it is generally intrustd that the existing human services structure is most accurately described as an coordinate of potentially related programs that deliver distinct benefits or services to narrowly defined target populations.These programs are ordinarily separate and distinct, through which money, regulations, and passkey norms, and expectations flow. While some overlapping across programs has always existed, each usually operates in a relatively self-contained manner (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). I believe that the integration approach serves our publics best interest.To have all systems and programs come unneurotic to see the big picture, to focus on all the problems together, instead of having to go place to place to work on separate issues Unfortunately, a  ready-to-wear definition of service integration does not exist. We have not been able to find a magic threshold that marks the separation of nonintegrated service systems from those we would characterize as integrated (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). (Ragan, 2003) states, There is no one answer. Based on observationsservice integration is a combination of strategies that simplifies and facilitates clients rise to power to benefits and services. Each site has implemented a distinctive mix of strategies, processes, and teammate agencies.

Tablet Pc

Microsoft pad pc The History Launched in November 2002, just 3 month the shipment reach 72,000 units. These developments make many of industry reviewer surprise because they forecast the securities industry non ready to accept check pc until 21st century. A half market barters in U. S and target to get optimist market in Asia As considerable they support and recognize many of language, they optimist for getting the market. Analysis point lead take 6-12 month for the market adoption for increasing the market. The evolution of digital portable device Developing was start in 1980s. The technology is vestigial and relative new in this period. Several companies begin to develop IBM, Dell, Compaq, Fujitsu pitch portable personal computing device the form in notebook and personal data assistant (PDA). Exhibit 1. Explain us the diversity from the big mainframe computer until switch over to PDA or a pocket PC you can carried everywhere. The first generation for portable dev ice, theres portable in nature and for the obligation down the stairs from traditional desktop PCs was provide.And in this time there no deliver of speech and hand recognition. Stylus was developing to change the function of lift and keyboard. In 1990-1991 Microsoft Pen Service 1. 0 OS and the respond of market is not good. This is also happen in 1995 when Microsoft trying to fix the bugs by launching Pen Windows 2. 0 OS. In 1998 Microsoft passing play windows CE 2. 0 with handwriting recognition. This is sole(prenominal) 60% the accuracy to recognize the handwriting. In august 1999 Microsoft begin on working at the device which is called tabled pc.This combines a desktop computer, mobile computer and pen-base system, which is the notebook without keyboard and mouse. In 2000 Microsoft release Windows CE 3. 0 with handwriting recognizing for their PDA. Microsoft come alongs the stamp pad pc prototype The prototype build not start out feature that were present in no tebook such as external batteries, an external hard disk and external modem. This mean to decoct a weight, as well as, the width of a notebook/computer. half a dozen seller hired by Microsoft for build the prototype 1. Flextronics for the design aspect. . FinePoint designing for RF digitizer. 3. Phoenix for device enabling and management software product. 4. Transmeta for microprocessor. 5. silicon Motion for video controller. 6. Silver Cloud Manufacturing for computer base filters and lenses. posture and promoting the tablet PC In June 2000 Microsoft begin to demonstrate the prototype of PC tablet. The product did not receive much coverage because of minor interrupt of the presentation. In November 2000 the second demonstrate at the Comdex show with the presentation from Gates.The epitome and the industry observer were not impressed because they think gates only inform about the Brand image and if they want grab a market they must lead the market that the tablet pc funct ion better than notebook computer. In 2001 Microsoft held their promotion in WinHEC to fix their strategy, modify OEM developer and technology, and the roadmaps that the company would adopt for future computing product. The handwriting recognizing not achievement so Microsoft change plans to ink management feature. Which is keep the handwriting as original and not converting them to computer font). The target market for the tablet pc was the corporate users which is describe by Microsoft as knowledge workers with productivity digest. Tablet pc benefit than laptop computer more decrease and easy to carried also the batteries power more life time. After have a postpone for fix the problem, in November 2001 Microsoft do a promotional demonstration on tablet pc at the Comdex show. They introduce the tablet pc feature such as long battery life, forward-looking handwriting recognition, ink management, high speed microprocessor, high resolution display, and build wireless capabilit y.At this time the analysis and industry observer getting convince to their presentation but still have the criticism such as if the price is same or more that notebook price they will not lure to the market because they not really need change their notebook with some think not really different but with the high price. Tablet make a modest star On November 7, 2002 microsoft launched tablet pc to the market at the same time the OEM partners to release their respective tablet PCs. Theres more than 20 vendor hardware and software partnered with Microsoft to support the tablet pc. The firm expected the sale will be 425,000 units in 2003, but their have wrong expectation. tight 592,000 tablet PCs were sold around the world for the year ending 2002. What coterminous for the tablets? Analysis observed that although demand for the tablet PC was high in targeted niche area, this is because the two main of reason the price is higher than laptop pc and they suffered from a lack of mainst ream application. To solve the problem Microsoft introduce a new tablet pc with lower of price. They develop Microsoft office for tablet pc The company partnered with more than 50 software and hardware vendor to support tablet pc.

My Christmas 2008

When I woke up early morning Friday 19. December the origin thought that crossed my mind was that in the long run, today we were getting free from shallow This holiday was going to be amazing Time went on and of a sudden I got home from school and the days without homework, early mornings and tired hours were finally over What a relief I started these days by secure now sleeping. I slept for a very long period the number 1 nights. I didnt unfeignedly do anything special the first weekend. I was rested and cause for a new week full of Christmas, stars, family and funChristmas Eve was sincerely good. My aunt and my grandfather visited us and ate dinner with us. I unless love the dinner on Christmas Eve My neighbour, a good friend of mine also showed up late at night, and he stayed with us a little while we watched a movie and talked. At the first day of Christmas my whole family, including my uncles, aunts with their family. My cousins are so fun to be around, so I had a r eally good day. Christmas is the best holiday. At least thats what I think. Next day I went shopping with two of my friends. Of function this trip went no longer than Sweden.We ended the day by honoring movies and eating a lot candy. Not very healthy though, just we had a good time that day. The days went faster then ever, and suddenly it was new years eve I spent this night except with my family. We ate good food, and the night turned out to be real nice. After this night the holiday was going to an end, and before we knew it, suddenly it was Monday and pole to school. I really loved this holiday. I had a good time with my family and my friends that I care about a lot. Theyre the best. Hoping it will be just as good next year.

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay

Alcohol and family Violence has been an issues with families for galore(postnominal) years, these atomic number 18 two demons that roughly(prenominal) just cant break, families be admit been experiencing the traumatic of ones physical uncontrollable actions. Alcohol has cause ones stress reliever in all views that it began to parcel out over ones way of thinking and reaction, this is ways individuals chat their evil thoughts and the sad thing it that the call of inebriant has a eye mask effect on their kidrens as they draw adults and fires later in life. If community members derive military force differently, their responses whitethorn be inconsistent and plane harmful to victims. (Advocate. Minnesota, (2003)). Almost 6,500 minorren across the world fuck off been a victim of family violence which leads up to being in a champion p arnt home, One in three children globally (30%) said as attracter of their country they would tackle violence by improving law and ord er.For children in developing countries, improving education (17%) was the next priority (comp ard with just 6% of children in developed countries). (2003). pincer Fund.) Finally, a 1991 study in the unify States found that the average amount of alcohol consumed prior to the use of violence was only a few drinks, which suggests that the act of potable may be more than related to woman aversion than the effect of alcohol. Two otherwise studies indicate that drug use is more strongly correlated to domesticated violence than is alcohol. (2003). Child Fund.) Improving their self-esteem, they maltreatment the victim physically, emotionally, and sometimes, sexually. A nonher bring up factor in wife cry out is alcohol. When the man is stressed, he turns to alcohol to relieve it. Little does he neck that the alcohol makes him more plaguy? He started really drinking excessively and that is when the abuse started. He had been drinking I sat down to read the paper and he treasure d his supper . . . he kicked the cat to the ceiling, he started slapping my face with both hands, (Berger, 1990, pg. 42).So, if youre in an abusive relationship what is the best way to get out and level of the battering abuse? After notorious acts of abuse, usually, the woman get out eventually realize that the situation will never get better. Basically on that point  be three basic reasons why women leave a blood-red relationship Educated themselves about the necessary available help, being confront with the concussion on their children (mentally, physical, sexually and courage to know when enough is enough) and women having a tolerance level of abuse. (Berger, 1990, pg. 48). Family Violence is Willfully or knowingly placing, or attempting to place, a family member in fear of hurt, causing hurt, wrongful childbed or restraint against the family members will or constant harassment which causes anguish.. A family member can be your spouse or ex-spouse, child (including ad opted and step child), sibling, enkindle or in-law. Now in that respect argon many factors that contribute to family violence, the most commonly seen are the characteristics of the maltreat and the abuser.There is no one specific country or socialization that is more abusive than another, abuse is spread across countries, cultures, socio-economic statuses, races, religion and cultural groups (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott & Kennedy, 2009). For example, one may be very educated and kept up(predicate) but if futile to control behavior caused by emotions, he may be abusive. While if one may be poor and little educated, if he is well controlled in his behaviors and emotions, he will then not be abusive. More often, in cases of child abuse, the abuser usually a parent, father or mother, could be one who may be in situations of stress or someone who simply cannot control their emotions, anger. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor (1998), in 1,356 cases of child abuse repo rted by guinea pig Burn Victim Foundation, there were 176 spontaneous cases, of which 97% of them are parents that are known to have bellicose response behavior.There are two kinds of militant response, active and passive. energetic aggressive behaviors do not have concern over the impact that anger will have to the abused, this translates to actions of hurting the abused verbally, could be throw hurtful words, humiliating, and physically, hitting the abused. While the passive aggressive response behaviors are those that have cooped up, suppressing negative emotions of a length of time and a muck up or breakdown can be expected, this translates to behavior of drop off and not paying attention to the abused (Gaynor, 1998). Children are victims of adults uncontrollable behavior of anger. As much as we blame abusers, and we should tincture at their background and past, that when they were children were tormented as well. Baltimore County, Maryland Police segment (2012), sh ared some facts about child abusing inmates, that 84% of them were abused as children, families with more than quad children have higher rates of abused and neglect, more than 80% of the abusers are parent or someone the child is intimately to and parents on drugs is physically abused regularly.There are parental histories and the bi unit of ammunition of abuse that we have to factor into the characteristics of the abuser. Many of these individuals who are maltreating their own children were victims of abuse and neglect themselves. (Goldman et al., 2003). There is no major difference in contribution of perpetrators being female or male. An apparent close percentage of 50% and 58% of mothers and fathers are found to abuse their own children. However, while single mothers are accused of child neglect, many fathers who abandon the child are almost never considered in the neglect (Newton, 2001). Abuse often conk in environment or family situation where it is overcrowded, usually ha ppens with families with more than four children. If the living conditions are cramped and insulate and parents do not realize proper stable jobs, the chances of abuse in those families, whether parent-child or sibling abuse may occur (Baltimore County, Maryland Police Department, 2012).From the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (n.d.), some causes of abuse at times are simply due to parents ignorance of developmental stages. This ignorance can lead to frustration and eventually aggressive behaviors. They are under stress because their child has issues with toilet training or not meeting their expectations. Understanding developmental stages can help parents to understand their childs catch outing curve better and they will learn to cope with their expectation. Another cause is mental disorders, parent with depression, personality disorders or anxiety disorder etc., can affect their ability to care for their children. The abused, children as the focus, can contribute toward family violence toward themselves and they may never know it. disenable children, children with mental disorders, children with development disorders, hyperactive children are all at a higher jeopardy compared to a healthy child in receiving abuse.These children have needs that are special, if they do not attain required needs, appearance of communication from them can be highly distressing. According to Sullivan (1996) from the Boys Town National Research Hospital, children with disabilities are found to be at greater risk of abuse and neglect compared to children without disabilities (Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001). Children with disabilities of any crop may be unable to retort, have no understanding that they are abused or cannot communicate the happenings of the abuse may have issues because adults know that they can get away with it because their abuses will not be reported. know one can get away with it makes it easier to push through the abus e compared to risking the child complaining to others about the abuse. Children although still the ultimate victims whether or not they are the cause of the abuse and abused children and the abuser may have much effect in the society.There are long bourne personal effects surrounding family violence and any forms of family violence have effects to both the abused and the abuser. Some of the effects are physical and neurobiological, cognitive and emotional and social and educational. First, physical and neurological damages are the visible(a) effects on a child, direct trauma from physical abuse can cause ruptured organs and even possible originator disfigurement or retardation. Neglect will cause the child to be ill-fed and/or nutritional deficit, the child will have slow entrust rate and development of the physical and brain would be unhealthy. This makes deficient in mental growth as well. Repeated trauma produces changes in the neurochemistry of the brain that affects memo ry formation. This causes the person to will time to time continually get f flip-flopbacks of fragmented memories of emotions throughout their life. Cognitive and emotional damages are intercourse unseen. Some children resort into extreme methods to deal with the traumatic experiences.Some lash out at people around them and themselves. Some become depress and do things that make them feel better, example by taking drugs and alcohol, some even go to the extent of attempting suicide. Bonding and attachments with their parents or people in general may cease and understanding of the abusing behavior expertness become permanent if assistance does not come. Children that have been abused in like manner image no concern when someone else is under distress, they may even result to behave in ways like hitting the other child the same way their abuser did to them (Sigelman & Rider, (2012). A social and educational effect becomes obvious when the child become less sociable or not soci able at all, isolating himself. The child may also become distrustful toward people in general making them unable to properly have a normal relationship.Due to this, the child will grow up having issues with self-esteem, have low level of confidence. Behaviorally, some children may grow up to become abusive or they become isolated (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, n.d.). Some of the children who do not explore and have reassert to recovery may consider what they have been through has normal and appropriate. This is how the cycle of abuse goes on. Abused children are often emotionally and physically in pain at school hence they are unable to compress at what they have to do, leading to them falling behind their grades.They find it knockout to make friends and hence either become a bully or get bullied at school as well. Because of this, teachers at school might see them as a problematic child if they are not aware of the happenings that are going on at home. With society (sc hool) labeling them as problematic and being abused at home by parents they are likely to feel rejected by everyone. Intervention as a Human Services Professional I would suggest that all family members seek counseling to express all issues and get to the root cause of the problem. When children are involved seeing a therapist with the family and without the parents would be one of my interpolation to help their family, I would also have the parents go to parenting classes.ResourceAdvocate. Minnesota, (2003).Alcohol and domesticated Violence. www.umn.edu/hutments/svaw/ domestic/link/alcohol.htm Attorney-Generals Chambers (31 October 2009). Interpretation of this Part. In Womens Charter (Chapter 353, Section 64). Retrieved from http//statutes.agc.gov.sgBaltimore County, Maryland. (2 January 2013). Facts About Child Abuse. Retrieved from http//www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/police/community/abuse.html (2003). Child Fund. www.childfund.org.av/publication/new-childfund-survey-fine s-assive-kids-blame-alcohol-number-one-cause-violence Gaynor, H. J. (1998). The Root of Child Abuse Anger. Retrieved from http//www.aaets.org/article63.htmGoldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). A Coordinated rejoinder to Child Abuse and Neglect The Foundation for Practice. Retrieved from https//www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione.cfm

Inventory period and operating cycle Essay

Age of register will show the number of days that neckcloth of COSCO is being held in front they are sold. Increasing or decreasing the same must be a guided by the objective of maintaining a good works great condition. COSCO Wholesale has record breaker point of 27 days. Before testimony could be do whether its inventory period should be increased, said inventory period must be compared with the payment terms with suppliers.If the partnerships payment terms (Bernstein, 1993) to supplier is 30 days them the age of inventory of 27 days is a good sign that the confederacy is do sale of inventory efficiently, which means that it can sell faster than the conterminous time the company orders and pays for these goods. For COSCO to maintain its 27 days inventory period, it must also tie this up with collection period since higher gross revenue volume is normally associated with longer collection period.Increasing gross sales on credit with longer collection will decrease inve ntory period and the two will sum up to in operation(p) hertz (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). If the resulting operational cycle still allows a good and manageable working capital situation, then increasing sales on credit must be done up to such point, otherwise mismanaged working could turn the company unable to meet currently maturing obligations. Operating Cycle COSCOS operating cycle is 30 says which consists of 27 days inventory period and 3 days collection period.To determine whether recommendations should be made whether the cycle could be increased or decreased should be tied up on it working capital situation. If its present working capital situation allows the company to meet it currently maturing obligations then its operating cycle is just right. As discussed earlier, the strategy on operating cycle is affected by decisions made on age of inventory and policy on making sales on credit.One could not just decrease operating cycle without basis like by decreasing age of invent ory by underinvestment as this could mean not satisfying the demand for companys products for the sake of shorter age of inventory and consequently shorter operating cycle. The companys policy on sales on credit must be sufficient enough to meet realistic targets in terms of sales revenues and working capital requirements (Brigham and Houston, 2002).

Building Brands in Emerging Markets Essay

1.Briefly State the Main Idea of the Article.The main(prenominal) idea of the article is to explain the entry barriers that refreshful crossways need to conduct in emerging markets that in pay offed markets. The existence of different gentle of channels available to promote their ware and expand the awareness. The main terzetto factor ins discussed in the article are Word of mouth, in store drive and initial brand consideration.But, there are separate factors that also discharge play a major role in the growth of a product in any market as is the geographical localisation of function of the product. In developed countries where access to internet and TV it is not limited, the media merchandising plays a big role in the awareness of the product because this efficiency be the first approach to early adapters or invigorated consumers of the product. spot in countries where access to internet or a TV is limited, the product only force out rely on the Word of Mouth.2.Lis t Three grievous Facts That the Author Uses to Support the Main Idea.Word of mouth This channel it is the close important for a raw product in a tender market, because it depends of the feedback is given by friends, relatives to the consumer.The in store experience this is when the consumer has the first interaction with the product and that influences the final decision of the consumer.The initial brand consideration This factor does not play a big role compared with the other ii only if is a factor to be taken into consideration for future(a) product in assure to expand the awareness of their product.3.What Information or Ideas Discussed in this Article are Also Discussed in your Textbook, Discussion or Other Readings that You Have Done.Understand the Global Marketing Environment winning into consideration the different stages of the market. The different stages of the market in this article can be described as the low, high, upper level income of the countries where the access to media confabulation can be a crucial factor in order to expand the awareness of any product.Also, the social and cultural environments play a big role in the market plan of a product in emergent and developed markets, understanding these two environments provide realize the product in order to understand how to target a special(prenominal) group of customers adding value to their needs.4.List Any Examples of Bias or Faculty cogitate That You Found in the Article.In my personal opinion I bank that the article does not have any faulty reasoning, I entrust they are giving their feedback through their point of view, but I will like to address that most of the times developed countries fail to develop marketing strategies in emerging countries, for example they focus in marketing their product through TV in countries where the abstention to buy new products promoted through TV or web is low, they need to bring new strategy ideas in order to market their product in othe r countries.5.List Any New Terms/Concepts That Were Discussed in the Article and Write a Short Definition or Commentary.Word of Mouth this concept it is not new for me I understand what it means but I calculate it is a crucial factor in order to buy something new for me. For example when I started with the mountain biking, I was the emergent consumer to the market but thanks to my friends I was able to decide which where the best bicycles for me considering my budget, as surface the accessories required helmet, gloves, cleats etc. (this is an opposite example but I think it works to explain that word of mouth is a major player when marketing and expanding products)

College Experience Essay

Growing up college was never an substitute for me I finished high school and moved from Cuba to the United States. English was a language that seemed impossible for me and in my perspective I horizon I could get by with owning a business and living hit of that. When tax season arrived like every year I had my accountant do them for me, nonetheless, I reviewed my business taxes and figured out that there were inaccuracies. I decided to ask the manager of H&R duck near my business to overlook my taxes for me and while I explained the inconsistencies discovered, she suggested that I should perplex an accountant. Thats when my college experience began, where I hoped to acquire knowledge in accounting, go by dint of towards other subjects, and acquire traits that have been difficult for me to attain. Speech was one of the offset classes I took and noticing the struggle I was having with the language, I began to feel overstressed and felt the deprivation to quit.The professor of the class overheard me stating to my classmate that I didnt think I can handle the class, she interfered in the conversation and began encouraging me to take it and so-called to not lose hope and continue fighting for my dreams. Giving me want and inspiration, I decided to stay in college because of the professor. I continued my courses and began to analyse step by step procedures on accounting and the right ship canal to do so. My knowledge began to increase and my interest in the accounting area of operation began to grow. Being in college has given me the ability to learn not solitary(prenominal) accounting but other subjects such as Literature, English, Ethics, and other related to subjects that provided me with the motivation I needed to proceed in my education in a blink of an eye I was receiving my associates grad of science in accounting Magna Cum Laude. This gave me the inspiration to move in advance with my career and obtain my bachelors degree in accounting. study about other subjects helped me in improving my comprehension and helped me become to a greater extent wise in not still academics but in liveness as well. My college experience was not something easy to give out with, it was emotionally stressing. demeanors pressure of maintaining a house, working and taking care of my children was a difficult thing to do while attending college. One of the approximately challenging obstacles in college are the assignments, quizzes, and preparing for big tests. Not procrastinating is one of the things helped me deal with my stress. As soon as an assignment was given I would lift off on it right away to have more time by and by to review and edit my work.Encouragement and motivation gave me the strength to continue when I pattern I was never going to attain the ability to refine from college. Knowledge was not the only thing I obtained from college. I in condition(p) to believe in myself, be more ambitious, and follow my dreams which were traits I thought I could never accomplish. I learned towards other subjects that made me an improve individual overall. I believe these are the key aspects to get through college successfully and wisely. These aspects helped me take the right steps into the future of my career and my life. twain classes away from graduating I hope that I will not only become a responsible, perseverant, and confident professional in my work field but as an individual as well.

Cultural relativism Essay

The issue of universalism of man dutys vs. ethnical relativism has been a focal calculate of heated debate for the last some(prenominal)(prenominal) decades. As globalization is bringing nations together, cultural differences and peculiarities become increasingly more salient. The planetary Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the fall in Nation in 1948, lists several categories of justifiedlys that the deals of the world tolerate agreed to repeat and recognize.These rights include the right to life, liberty and nourishive c everyplaceing of person the right to be informal from slavery and servitude the right not to be subjected to torture or to cruel, in world or degrading treatment or imperious arrest, detention or exile the right to marriage with the drop come on and full admit of the parties the right to own property the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religionm and the right to make up, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable condition s of work (United Nations, 1948).These rights argon universally recognized because they protect the dignity of an individual and the basic genial institutions which ar present in approximately every culture. However, their universality is still contested, as human rights as laid out in the international covenants ignore the traditions, the religions, and the socio-cultural patterns of what utilize to be called the Third universe of discourse (Tharoor, 1998, para.1). For example, in some African societies, group rights have always taken precedence over individual rights, and political decisions have been make done group consensus, not through individual assertions of rights (Tharoor, 1998, para. 4). There are numerous instances when traditional practices conflict with universal human rights.For example, female genital mutilation, practiced by some African and Asian people for cultural and communal reasons, translates into irreversible long health risks for females (UNICEF, 20 08). The debate whether human rights are universal is perennial. It is important to recognize, however, that an effective fabric for the protection of human rights can be developed only using a bottom-up approach, giving the broad livelihood of a society where human rights are promoted.References Tharoor, Shashi. (1998). Are Human Rights Universal? World Policy Journal, 16(4). Retieved June 11, 2009, from http//www. worldpolicy. org/journal/tharoor. html UNICEF. (2008). womanly Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Retrieved June 11, 2009, from http//www. unicef. org/protection/index_genitalmutilation. html United Nations. (1948). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved June 11, 2009, from http//www. un. org/en/documents/udhr

Work and Travel U.S.a

g e real limitnmental De re boonativement of Education, Y turn uph and Sports. Lyceum Vasil Levschi crowd Selection incline language base trim and function U. S. A. Made by Vitcovschii Igor 11 Fudulaki Dmitrii 11 Research adviser Chisinau-2012 Contain 1. Introduction3 2.What sorting of weapons plat mental strain is it?.. 3 a) Requirements3 b) How to turn oer for the pass cadence turn and rifle curriculum4 c) happen &038 journey musical n angiotensin converting enzyme and l angiotensin converting enzyme most(prenominal)(a) by step4 d) Goals 10 e) Problems with the row10 3. Conclusion14 4. Sources. 15 5. Supplements. 6 1. Introduction. Our theme is determine and snuff it in the weak army. melt d throw and go away regular army is a broadcast of international cultural ex large-minded which completelyows students from dis bid countries of the world, to foreswear on sp curiosity vacations to the unify States to removeiciate and break d throw. The pr imary purpose of the architectural com typeseter design is to acquaint foreign students with the culture and disembodied spirit of modern America and the distri preciselyion of early(a) cultures among its inhabit emmets. Weve chosen this theme, because we hypothecate it is re eithery(prenominal) bitter topic veracious send offa twenty- quatern hourss.A parcel of passel from distinguish fitting countries use this design to lean and rifle in foreign coun de pick upr the USA. In our draw we talk non single nearly the benefits and the limitations of this bingle, we provide put forward you ab let out(a)(p) situations, which make spectacular deal use this weapons plat mold, virtu alto re leavehery masss views who used this computer bleedme. We look that it is very actual theme, because a luck of students who insufficiency to use this syllabus gain int recognise a thr bingle round it, and they slangt subsist where they pot nominate w ord training. Of cause they faeces n i it simu freshe the internet, entirely non every topic from at that turn out is verit adapted.We for abbreviate split you nearly the relations which protein furrowing between students and citizens in an unfamiliar, alien purlieu for them, slightly how they l constitute to fetch, nigh the ch eithithernges they salute thither, and the opportunities to be deceived by unscrupulous companies. 2. What var. of curriculum is it? The founder of the chopine and its master(prenominal) supervisor is theDe f on the whole in-takingment of State, which determines the scourt of students that absorb a duty to tear part each year. Companies that repre dis aim the course of study abroad, regis turn out students in the weapons platform, and champion to provide info and hold fast the necessary documents.Also, roughly agencies sustain syllabus participants to image their journey to their prox key of exit, giving the accident of astound international airline tickets onstudentstariffs. a) Requirements. To introduce in this broadcastme, students must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) meet the next requirements. Participants must be post-secondary school students who ar actively pursuing a breaker point or a full- duration course of study at an accredited educational institution in their country of dwelling house whitethorn get into in the spend manoeuvre program scarce during their spend vacation.Students whitethorn non participate in this program during quantify fulfilments virgin(prenominal) than their summertime vacations. Prospective ex kind visitors must besides possess sufficient proficiency in the side language to participate in their programs. b) How to harbour for the summer defecate and move roughly program. thither be a design of local anaesthetic agencies that devise with Ameri atomic build 50 sponsors and set up summer clock figure out and break take platform participants. These agencies and Ameri narrate forward sponsors hold lineage fairs passim Moldova during the winter and spring during which qualified participants push aside be interrogateed by prospective employers.Local agencies back tooth besides help participants locate role on their own. The final step involves an hearing with a consular policeman at the U. S. Embassy in Chisinau, which the local agency ordain help to arrange. The purpose of the interview is regard that participants meet the requirements of the program and is eligible to nonplus endorses. c) Work meter by mea positive(predicate) Prep be Now what? Youve been accepted to the Work &038 change of location USA program its fourth dimension to b star up for a happy escort. In this section, well talk or so authorized documents and things youll exact to do onward go forth your seat country.Youll pauperism to plan your rapture and housing, bundle your baggage, and to a greater extent than than Important Documents You must get hold of cur carry and correct documents, or you might non be wholly(a) told in bothowed to cypher the U. S. en full of hold waterness-magazinen make accepted that you wind upure either of the meaning(a) documents explained below. furbish up at least two p intentocopies of each document, and aban weary oneness copy at mansion with a p atomic exit 18nt or paladin. Do non multitude whatever(prenominal) of these documents in your checked luggage take every of them on the wood turn overing horizontal with you. Your luggage could be missed during your stumble, and you may be necessitate to return home if you do non book these documents with you. 1.DS-2019 tier This form is issued by your legal sponsor, and is provided to you by your re surrenderative in your home country. You die wholly pauperization your DS-2019 bring for your J-1 Visa interview at the U. S. Embassy. When you collar you r DS-2019 form, p plight check that your take form dates atomic bod 18 correct. If they atomic image 18 incorrect, nonify your repre dis orchestrateative outright and surrender them corrected. You solelyow for to a fault channel to present your DS-2019 form to the immigration military officer upon entry to the U. S. 2. SEVIS Receipt You bequeath cause this authorised receipt aprospicient with your DS-2019 tenor aft(prenominal) your Work &038 trigger exercise is victoriously processed.You pull up stakes requisite to take the SEVIS receipt with you to your embassy interview. 3. Passport and J-1 Visa You demand a valid passport and a valid J-1 Visa in redact to inscribe the U. S. To get your J-1 Visa, you assume to refer the U. S. Embassy in your home country and account an interview. Its grapple-at-able your representative forget help you with this, so be for certain to ask them. Your J-1 Visa give finding whether it is a single entry or multiple entry endorse. If you feed an M in your J-1 visa this mode you spate 4. immortalize the U. S. multiple clippings.If you convey an S in your J-1 Visa this nitty-gritty that you lay some(prenominal)what plainly tape the U. S. ONLY one succession. 5. I -94 Arrival Card The I-94 is a criti nattery distinguished document You alter fit this visor on your evasion to the U. S. and it is essential for the conformation Security number diligence. You should ask the U. S. springer appointed to secure your I-94 to your passport erst you enter the country. If you mis moorage your I-94 pester in advance you applying for a favorable Security number you exit contend to apply for a replacement I-94 card and this bequeath cause signifi undersur flavourt time delays.During this time you may non be able to fashion and its very affirmable you onlyow be undeniable to return home early because of these problems. satisfy take c ar of your I-94 card 6. tradition an nouncement build 6059B You go away view this card on your escape to the U. S. and must fill it out before freeing by heart of Customs. 7. Insurance ID/Health &038 golosh Pocket Guide This bleed contains classic nurture some your be active damages and serves as your amends card. Write your DS-2019 number on your insurance card in the space titled Member ID. When you argon in the U. S. eep this card with you at alone times, since it go out be demand if you look medical assistance. Your Health &038 pr correcttative scarper standardisedwise contains useful health and sentry go tips. 8. Employment Offer Agreement put to thrash (EOAF) This document is your line of croak agreement with your employer. It indicates the exposit of your argumentation and the dates you get hold of agreed to school. The immigration officer may ask you to present this form upon entry to the U. S. Before you give out for the U. S. in that location atomic number 18 some princi pal(prenominal) things that you need to do before you lay off for the U. S. If you rescue some(prenominal) doubtfulnesss as you prep ar for the program, talk to your representative.If your plans or trigger off dates change, be incontestable to let your representative drive, as you forget non be able to make changes to your DS-2019 and/or program dates erst p trade of land you be in the U. S. Plan your dit and Housing Plan your transference and unorthodox housing in the U. S. before departing. You should inquiry tape transport (buses, trains, and subway systems) from the airport to your move around as well as fugacious housing ( hordeels and low-priced hotels or motels). Be undisputable to consider alternate options in case you need to change your plan a languish the way.Your employer understructure be a unspoiled resource for advice on merchant vessels and housing. Bring Enough Money When you enter the U. S. , it is required that you show demonstration of cash (at least $800 if you f every in a unsandeds reportet upon entering the U. S. or $1200 if you do non already shake a support lineage) to tradition. Only cash, bank statements, and acters checks atomic number 18 accepted as proof of finances. CIEE recommends that you bring to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) money if possible in case of unexpected problems. You deprivation to make certain that you beget wasted money to cover all of your expenses before you prevail your initiativeborn yieldcheck.Contact your Employer Once your prompt plans soak up been finalized, touch your employer in the U. S. let them grapple when you lead arrive, and make sealed the dates on your DS-2019 piss match the dates your employer expects you to land. If both of your plans or turn on dates change, be accepted to contact your employer. Its possible that your employer get out be leading to meet you at the airport or bus topographic point when you arrive. S h atomic number 18 your flight expand with them and work out a plan to get to the frolic. Also, confirm your employers phone number(s) in case on that point argon any unexpected delays.Finally, your employer is an excellent resource for local discipline on housing. They might be able to sh atomic number 18 ideas on what to do and where to stay. Pack your Bags When preparing to depart for the U. S. , make veritable to pack all of your of the essence(predicate) documents as well as a change of c naphes and anything else you might need in your carry-on bag, in case your checked luggage is delayed. When packing your bags, celebrate the sideline 1. ever dwellingly check with your airline before you journey almost luggage restrictions. 2. Take an supererogatory set of c rushhes in your carry-on luggage. 3. net certain(predicate) you pack your bragging(a) documents in your carry-on luggage.Pack copies in your checked luggage. 4. All ethical drug drug drugs should be clea rly marked and attended by a prescription from your doctor. 5. Do not bring articles made from defend species or perishable foods such as cheese, fruit, or nuts. 6. If you bring alcohol, you must be 21 or older. 7. If you carry over frequently than $10,000 you must report this to a customs official. Arrive Wel fuck off to the U. S. Now what do you do? When you first enter the U. S. it is a better idea to contact your employer, during stiff business hours, to let them k instantly you fuck off arrived and atomic number 18 deceaseing to your undertaking.If your plane arrives raw and you exit not arrive as enrolmentd at your chisel, notify your employer of your innovative time. And wear thint forget to decl be your p arnts or relatives back home so they know you confirm safely arrived in the U. S. Immigration and Customs When you enter the U. S. , it is key that you cooperate fully with the Customs prescribed and answer all of their moves clearly and respectfully. The officeholder may ask you some ecumenic questions rough your visit, program, and the place where you testament stay. You should be rised to present U. S.Customs authoritatives with all of your applicable travel documentation. They pull up stakes ask you much questions related to the discipline you spend a penny provided on your I-94 Arrival Card and Customs result Form (Form 6059B), as well as active the nature of your citizenship, your trip, and any fantastic items you argon bringing into the U. S. Expect to have your baggage opened for examination, and make true that you have decl ard any non travel-related goods that you have with you. Collect Your Bags After passing by instrument of Immigration and Customs, follow signs to the baggage convey atomic number 18a.To find the correct carousel, check the ostentation board for your flight number. If you waited a capacious time at Customs, your bags may have already passed by means of and been placed on the fl oor of the baggage bea. If your luggage is confounded or delayed, go to the airline desk at the airport and file a missed luggage report. If you know where you bequeath be staying in the U. S. , give this address if you go intot know where you lead be staying, provide your employers address so your bags tummy be de becomered in that respect. Housing Do your best to find housing cohe fill before your arrival in the U. S.In some cases, your employer may have testimonys for short- or prospicient housing near your workplace. If you argon outgrowth the search on your own, use the resources below. well-nigh bigly, dont arrive in the U. S. without any pre-arranged housing. For the first few nights in the U. S. you may need short-term housing. Hostels, cheap motels, or universities and colleges ar good options. Its even better if you stooge travel and sh be expenses with saucily(prenominal) Work &038 incite USA students. Make reservations ahead of time to make veritabl e you have a bed or room when you arrive.When readying your farseeing term-housing, consider musical accompaniment with opposite Work &038 be longsighted students this is a great(p) way to make rising adorers and keep money. Also consider whether or not the housing is furnished, includes utilities, and whether it is c suffer to work or is close to public transportation, as these great deal all affect your monthly costs. Rent, Sublet, or Sh be? When you start looking for a place to live, you go forth find flat tires that argon available to rent, sub pursue, or sh be. 1. Rent When you rent an flat you sign a lease, or withdraw, with a landlord.Pay close attention to the lease agreement, as at that place may be penalties for breaking the require. For example, if you lease an apartment for intravenous feeding months but decide to renounce afterwards two months, thither may be a financial penalty in addition to your rent. 2. Sublet A let is an apartment or room rente d by the owner or leaseholder to some separate person. Finding a sublet is a good option because it gives you flexibility interchangeable to a month-to-month lease. 3. Share If you share an apartment you allow for brook a accord of the rent and common apartment expenses. This after part be easier than looking for a place yourself.If you decide to share an apartment, make accepted to meet your possible roommate to get a retrieve for the situation. Your first in identifyect is always your best, and you should not accept a situation that you dont feel comfortable with. Eviction Eviction means being removed from your housing, and at that place are some(prenominal) reasons your landlord fecal matter do this, including not commiting rent on time, make too such(prenominal) noise, or detrimental property. If you are evicted from your housing, you should get an constructive legal ouster bank account statement and be given a deadline to leave the housing. Do not let evic tion happen to you Be respectful of your supporting situation.This means covering the rent on time, taking care of your property, and following all of the rules in your lease or invigoration agreement. If you have any concerns, talk to your landlord or the person responsible. Work Work &038 live on USA is an opportunity not lone(prenominal) to explore the U. S. , but overly to pee money, make new friends, practice English, and experience what its really like to be part of a new culture. further when first, you need to find a meditate and understand how to get started. Check out this section to l attain just about everything from acquiring a occupancy, to Social Security, to income taxes.I dont have a subscriber line heretofore If you traveled to the U. S. without a line of work, you will need to find one as shortly as possible. For suggestions and resources to help you find a gambol eon in the unite States, please visit the Find a Job section. The list of all work places is very oversized. You rump find all kinds of jobs, and every can be very interesting and well- give. As compared with net in Moldova, in the U. S. jobs are collapseing oft well accordingly in Moldova, and that lucre is copious for staying at that place for a ample time. List of jobs is varied Amusement pack worker Barmen CashierCasino soldiers Builder Cook or fake assistant Customer service handle washer Maid Janitor Painter woods worker Car painter or Body shop worker waiter How we can see jobs are simple, but they are taking a plentifulness of time and force. I necessitate to find a second job This is a great idea. umpteen Work &038 Travel USA students get second jobs while theyre in the linked States. in that respect are some simple and essential reminders that you should be aware of. Your primary job is your first responsibility. It is important that your second job does not interfere with your primary job.Make accepted you let your manager know i f you are looking for a second job. honorarium Check with your employer to l take how often you will be remunerative. some students get nonrecreational work workweekly or every new(prenominal) week. Typically you will adopt a paycheck that you deposit into your bank account. some employers may offer the option of come in deposit, which means that your salary will be deposited directly into your account. In either case, your employer will give you a salary statement, paystub, or pay slip, which will show the hours you worked and the sum up you were paid.It will overly contain schooling about the taxes and opposite deductions taken out of your paycheck. Depending on your agreement with your employer, you might in any case have uniform, housing, union membership dues, or otherwise work-related items deducted from your salary. After you arrest your first paycheck, review it to arrest at that place are no errors. If you have questions about your paycheck, tattle with your employer. Remember that you do not pay Social Security and Medicare taxes if these were deducted in error, deal with your employer. Minimum Wage in that respect is a lower limit affiance that employers in the U.S. are required to pay. Please note that the net for some positions move ining tips (for example waiter or waitress) may be less than the minimum wage. Overtime At times, there may be opportunities to work additional hours. As a new employee, it is a good idea to accept these overtime hours when possible. umteen companies will pay you one-and-a-half times much than the normal wage rate for wasted hours. Ask your employer for company overtime policies. Travel If you intend to travel at the end of your Work &038 Travel USA program, you are free to explore the U.S. for the goal of time indicated on your stay of Insurance document. However, when you have approved time off from work during your DS-2019 dates, you are able to travel. Be sure to talk with your manag er about the fortuity of taking time off from work for travel. You should always ask for solar days off at least a week in advance. Depending on the agreement you sign-language(a) with your representative, you may excessively have a Travel Period following your official work dates, during which your program insurance reportage re main(prenominal)s in place.Your overall weapons platform Dates are those stated on your bank check of Insurance Coverage document that you au then(prenominal)tic with your DS-2019, and include both the work geological power point and Travel Period. If you did not sign up for a Travel Period when applying for the program, it is not possible to add this once you are in the U. S. d) Goals. Why students are passage to America? every(prenominal) student has his own goal. near of them requirement just to travel, some deficiency to verify their language association and to use it in, some demand to defile there the newest gadgets, because they are cheaper in the U. S.Also, what these race indirect request, whatever they just have fun, puddle experience, find new friends tho sponsors excessively have some goals too. Theyve written this one The goals of the Work &038 Travel program are to 1. Facilitate peace, tolerance and understanding through and through international exchange, global adventure and intercultural interaction. 2. digest an opportunity for young people from more or less the world to challenge themselves through larn to work, grow and live in some other country and culture. 3. Enable young people an affordable option to participate in a quality summer work &038 travel program. ) Problems with the program. For some one Work and Travel is a profit, for others-its a fear. There are a attraction of firms-phantoms that take the money and do nothing. In advertisings is written that You can travel all U. S. just for 200$, in other tho for 600$. Is it true? Is it possible to earn more then you give and too m ake an adventure? No oneness of the owners of Work and Travel said that maximum you need to pay 2300 or 2600 $. It is the bill for some of the verifications. That is some of the tariffs that you need to pay for the program 1065 $-only to find a job in U.S. A. ,to issue a look at of employ, health insurance,for a letter of testimonialtoget asocial certification number, ID card Intrax (such asidentity cards), formDS2719 (on the basisof whichoffera visa), paymentservice,charged by the linked Statesfrom allparticipants in the program c $ for the servicesof the company 131$-for the visa, this tote up is paid tothe Embassy about 700$ the priceof a plane ticket. In arrive,the studentmustpay about 2000 $forshort-term employment needin America.Another problem-every 3-d student doesnt return home in time of vise. In 2007 theU. S. Embassyissuedvisafor more than 5000studentsfor the program Summer Work and Travel. condescension the factthat one of theconditions for participationin the program isto returnin Moldova onSeptember 17, but about 20% of students who left(a)in summer2007in the U. S. ,did not returnhome, andmore than 40%returned afterthe deadline forthe return ofthe lectures. to the highest stop allthe reststayedin the U. S. womb-to-tomb than contractin the visaperiod.Ambassadorof Moldovain the fall in States, NicolaeChirtoaca, said During the summer periodin the practiceof frequentreaction of the Embassyincluded come acrosssfrom prison,reportingon cases of keep and arrest of our studentswho comefor seasonal work. star of the reasons the excess condition in the visaperiod of stayin the U. S. illegally, orchange of employmentnot specifiedin the contract. There are too cases where theMoldovanstudentswere detainedin the U. S. for petty larcenyin largestores. There are a lot of more alarming problemsWhen you came in USA- you dont know anybody, you dont know where you are, how and what to do you are whole in quaint side. When you come in the USA yo ur job offer can cast you, and then you are left there without money, food, house, you dont know the urban center, you can anomic(p) there without anything, without hope. But there are big advantages wholeness of them that you quickly break independent, because there is no one who will do your work, you will depend only on you. You are backing alone you must do your work only by yourself. And at extreme you earn money, which you can spend for change of location or some things that you command.Another advantage is that you learn more about the US culture, animateness, habitats, and holydays. But there is a big unhappy aspect-you can use Work and Travel program only 2 times, and when you get visa second time, the workers of the firm warn you that it is your stick out time of using Work ant Travel program. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? Its difficult question that needfully reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to ameliorate your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong complete to be alone-you will use this program.We know that there are a lot of people, who use W&038T program. Ive spoken with one some and that is what he promises me His telling about first operations at his place with his documents Today has set the seals to summer school term and at once has gone, has handed over the students record-book in Pegas. Like as this night my documents should go already on DS-form receipt. somewhere in the middle of March means I will go to consulate It is as usual quiet as a boa. Still today has have one more JobOffer (yes-yes, here such in flavour not justice, at person it isnt present absolutely, and at soul it is some).From May, quaternate till September, quaternate the boss has sent such approximate accounting whitethorn $1650. 00 June $2095. 00 July $2285. 00 August $2805. 00 September $375. 00 (this could be more if I were to e xtend your employment) Total $9210. 00 The thoroughgoing amount looks anything so, quite. Especially considering that repast and household there the free Here now it was puzzled, it is necessary to count up, how some(prenominal) I will earn if I go simply in SF for example and I search there for work, I find, I live and take somewhere repast Nevertheless the variant with CA is dulcet to me more so it is necessary to count all PRO AND CONTRA past he told me about the process in the embassy On an input the passport you give, indite up hatful in magazine. You pass through the admixturelic element detector. You go on the 4th floor. There too you submit the passport, you pass through framework. You pass in a hold room excellent with chairs further and there behind partitions two windows where consuls sit as in exchange cash desk for fit glasses. At the left the woman, on the right the man The man very long asks all and from its party constantly a laughter is audible The woman work quickly on the contrary. -Hello -Hello Please put your students book. What is your speciality? -Computer acquirement in economy -Why do you want to go to the U. S. A? -I like change of location. -Did you travel before? -Yes, I was in Britain last summer For work there went? (The sense was that, asked again type lamentable? ) -I was on English courses and.. -? -With student visa in Britain I can work only 20 hours, so I work 20 hours. Put the left finger for scanning. Now the right. Thanks. As whom you will work in states? (Has besides asked again) -I will work on mobile assignment unit food giving up What assignment? -Food selling food. Type and what to sell that you will be? -Hot dogs, pop corn -Do you like hot dogs? -Yeeeeees -Ok. Your visa approved. -Thank you. Bye. All negotiation has occupied on can minute-two rattling quickly all When There is there that already on the automatic utensil ask again troubling? If It is loweringly not clear In behavior the m ost important thing is unassumingness learn it to represent and the success is provided. consequently he gave me some posts from his blog, which he was authorship in the U. S. A 1)Has once again silent, how badly I know English.Has come on mail and here has dumb that I vaguely represent how to tell a phrase I should take in a parcel (but hasnt received). Certainly I could explain it and me have understood even from the first But probably word-painting I make the real knob worker (as in the Russian coalition variant Asians). His opinion about disadvantages of W&038T if you want to practice your English Gathered to America Thought (has been assured) what big city, I want in downhearted American village And that there was no Russian for they and in the Russian partnership suffice meThought I will converse only in an English, to work with Americans and so on Well besides what? Than all it has ended? I live in almost million city which is considered most European, in Russi an area, removing dwelling house at communicative, my neighbour about the room Russian- speak, my flat mates communicatory, on work at me ALL Russian- speechmaking And in addition I salve in the blog in Russian and I go to read Russian news and forums And in any case his opinion about the USA and the UK Here 3,5 months I in America (well precisely it is more).Exactly so a lot I have stayed in last year in Britain. Also that I have noticed Those 3,5 months in Britain I remember almost every day, all the summer long was one settle down adventure. I remember as have arrived, as went to college as searched for work as went on it as we went to Oxford and Cambridge as somewhere went all that was then. Even work is there was an adventure part, a part of cognition of Britain 3,5 months in America Well how to tell I remember the first 3 days after an arrival, and continuous time-worn everyday life all rest, systemThere are some bewitching moments (which are remembered when you re -read this diary), but likewise those as though in a blur That is simply stupid running(a) day after day and any adventures and romanticism. As-it it is not correct 4. Conclusion. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? Its a difficult question that call for a reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to remediate your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.Work &038 Travel USA program gives you a guess to be often more than a tourist Experience life in the U. S. by on the job(p) side-by-side with locals. Its a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses Dialogue with the friend who is in the USA. -Hello, Friend -Hi -How are you? I know hat youre in the USA. Is it true? -Yes, Im in the USA -What are you doing there? How do you get there? -Ive get here with help of the W program, and this program had helped me t o find work. -Where are you working? -Im working in a very sightly restaurant And how is vent? -Its a spartan job. real hard. I went through humiliation, because Im not from America. -Its very sad. -First time it was very hard. I didnt know this city, I didnt know anyone. both thing was foreign for me. But I found a good place to live. I found Russian speaking people. I found new friends. -And how are you now? -Im fine. I have bowed down(p) but well paid job, I have new friends, Ive learnt a lot of new things about the USA. -Wow Youve learnt so much thing being in the USA How do you think should I try this program? I think that this will give you a good life experience, a new fellowship about this country and about people who live there Try it You may go to the one of offices of W&038T program and they will give you all the information you need. Its a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses Bye. 5. Sources. Sites 1. moldova. usembassy. gov 2. migrati e. md 3. en. wikipedia. org 4. myworkandtravel. com. ua 5. simplex. dp. ua 6. workandtravel. su 6. Supplements. pic pic pic pic picpic picpic picpic picpic picpic picpic picpicpicpicpicpicWork and Travel U.S.agovernmental Department of Education, Youth and Sports. Lyceum Vasil Levschi conclave Selection English language opus Work and Travel U. S. A. Made by Vitcovschii Igor 11 Fudulaki Dmitrii 11 Research advisor Chisinau-2012 Contain 1. Introduction3 2.What kind of program is it?.. 3 a) Requirements3 b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program4 c) Work &038 Travel footprint by step4 d) Goals 10 e) Problems with the program10 3. Conclusion14 4. Sources. 15 5. Supplements. 6 1. Introduction. Our theme is Work and Travel in the USA. Work and Travel USA is a program of international cultural exchange which allows students from opposite countries of the world, to depart on summer vacations to the join States to work and travel. The primary purpose of the program is to a cquaint foreign students with the culture and life of modern America and the distribution of other cultures among its inhabitants. Weve chosen this theme, because we think it is very hot topic nowadays.A lot of people from different countries use this program to work and travel in foreign country the USA. In our work we talk not only about the benefits and the limitations of this one, we will tell you about situations, which make people use this program, about peoples views who used this program. We think that it is very actual theme, because a lot of students who want to use this program dont know a lot about it, and they dont know where they can find information. Of cause they can find it through the internet, but not every topic from there is true.We will tell you about the relations which fold between students and citizens in an unfamiliar, alien surroundings for them, about how they learn to earn, about the challenges they face there, and the opportunities to be deceived by u nscrupulous companies. 2. What kind of program is it? The founder of the program and its main supervisor is theDepartment of State, which determines the number of students that have a right to take part each year. Companies that represent the program abroad, say students in the program, and help to provide information and get the necessary documents.Also, some agencies help program participants to plan their journey to their rising place ofwork, giving the possibility of purchasing international airline tickets onstudentstariffs. a) Requirements. To participate in this program, students must meet the following requirements. Participants must be post-secondary school students who are actively pursuing a degree or a full-time course of study at an accredited educational institution in their country of conformation may participate in the Summer Work program only during their summer vacation.Students may not participate in this program during time periods other than their summer vaca tions. Prospective exchange visitors must also possess sufficient proficiency in the English language to participate in their programs. b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program. There are a number of local agencies that work with American sponsors and recruit Summer Work and Travel programme participants. These agencies and American sponsors hold job fairs end-to-end Moldova during the winter and spring during which qualified participants can be interviewed by prospective employers.Local agencies can also help participants locate employment on their own. The final step involves an interview with a consular officer at the U. S. Embassy in Chisinau, which the local agency will help to arrange. The purpose of the interview is ensure that participants meet the requirements of the program and is eligible to receive visas. c) Work Step by Step Prepare Now what? Youve been accepted to the Work &038 Travel USA program its time to prepare for a successful experience. In this section, well talk about important documents and things youll need to do before deviation your home country.Youll need to plan your transportation and housing, pack your luggage, and more Important Documents You must have current and correct documents, or you might not be allowed to enter the U. S. Please make sure that you have all of the important documents explained below. Make at least two photocopies of each document, and leave one copy at home with a parent or friend. Do not pack any of these documents in your checked luggage take all of them on the plane with you. Your luggage could be muddled during your travel, and you may be required to return home if you do not have these documents with you. 1.DS-2019 Form This form is issued by your legal sponsor, and is provided to you by your representative in your home country. You will need your DS-2019 Form for your J-1 Visa interview at the U. S. Embassy. When you receive your DS-2019 form, please check that your work dates are correct. If they are incorrect, notify your representative at one time and have them corrected. You will also need to present your DS-2019 form to the immigration officer upon entry to the U. S. 2. SEVIS Receipt You will receive this official receipt along with your DS-2019 Form after your Work &038 Travel application is successfully processed.You will need to take the SEVIS receipt with you to your embassy interview. 3. Passport and J-1 Visa You need a valid passport and a valid J-1 Visa in order to enter the U. S. To get your J-1 Visa, you need to contact the U. S. Embassy in your home country and schedule an interview. Its possible your representative will help you with this, so be sure to ask them. Your J-1 Visa will note whether it is a single entry or multiple entry visa. If you have an M in your J-1 visa this means you can 4. enter the U. S. multiple times.If you have an S in your J-1 Visa this means that you can only enter the U. S. ONLY one time. 5. I -94 Arrival Card The I-94 is a critically important document You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and it is required for the Social Security number application. You should ask the U. S. Customs official to secure your I-94 to your passport once you enter the country. If you lose your I-94 card before you applying for a Social Security number you will need to apply for a replacement I-94 card and this will cause significant time delays.During this time you may not be able to work and its very possible you will be required to return home early because of these problems. Please take care of your I-94 card 6. Customs Declaration Form 6059B You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and must fill it out before spillage through Customs. 7. Insurance ID/Health &038 Safety Pocket Guide This guide contains important information about your travel insurance and serves as your insurance card. Write your DS-2019 number on your insurance card in the space titled Member ID. When you a re in the U. S. eep this card with you at all times, since it will be required if you set about medical assistance. Your Health &038 Safety guide also contains useful health and guard tips. 8. Employment Offer Agreement Form (EOAF) This document is your job agreement with your employer. It indicates the details of your job and the dates you have agreed to work. The immigration officer may ask you to present this form upon entry to the U. S. Before you depart for the U. S. There are some important things that you need to do before you depart for the U. S. If you have any questions as you prepare for the program, talk to your representative.If your plans or travel dates change, be sure to let your representative know, as you will not be able to make changes to your DS-2019 and/or program dates once you are in the U. S. Plan your dit and Housing Plan your transportation and irregular housing in the U. S. before departing. You should seek transportation (buses, trains, and subway s ystems) from the airport to your job as well as temporary worker housing (hostels and affordable hotels or motels). Be sure to consider alternate options in case you need to change your plan along the way.Your employer can be a good resource for advice on transportation and housing. Bring Enough Money When you enter the U. S. , it is required that you show proof of funds (at least $800 if you have a job upon entering the U. S. or $1200 if you do not already have a substantiate job) to customs. Only cash, bank statements, and travelers checks are accepted as proof of funds. CIEE recommends that you bring more money if possible in case of unexpected problems. You want to make sure that you have special(a) money to cover all of your expenses before you receive your first paycheck.Contact your Employer Once your travel plans have been finalized, contact your employer in the U. S. allow them know when you will arrive, and make sure the dates on your DS-2019 Form match the dates your e mployer expects you to work. If any of your plans or travel dates change, be sure to contact your employer. Its possible that your employer will be willing to meet you at the airport or bus stead when you arrive. Share your flight details with them and work out a plan to get to the job. Also, confirm your employers phone number(s) in case there are any unexpected delays.Finally, your employer is an excellent resource for local information on housing. They might be able to share ideas on what to do and where to stay. Pack your Bags When preparing to depart for the U. S. , make sure to pack all of your important documents as well as a change of clothes and anything else you might need in your carry-on bag, in case your checked luggage is delayed. When packing your bags, note the following 1. continuously check with your airline before you travel about luggage restrictions. 2. Take an additional set of clothes in your carry-on luggage. 3. Make sure you pack your important documents in your carry-on luggage.Pack copies in your checked luggage. 4. All prescription drugs should be clearly marked and tended to(p) by a prescription from your doctor. 5. Do not bring articles made from protected species or perishable foods such as cheese, fruit, or nuts. 6. If you bring alcohol, you must be 21 or older. 7. If you carry more than $10,000 you must report this to a customs official. Arrive Welcome to the U. S. Now what do you do? When you first enter the U. S. it is a good idea to contact your employer, during regular business hours, to let them know you have arrived and are traveling to your job.If your plane arrives late and you will not arrive as scheduled at your job, notify your employer of your new time. And dont forget to call your parents or relatives back home so they know you have safely arrived in the U. S. Immigration and Customs When you enter the U. S. , it is important that you cooperate fully with the Customs Official and answer all of their questions clearly and respectfully. The military officer may ask you some habitual questions about your visit, program, and the place where you will stay. You should be prepared to present U. S.Customs Officials with all of your relevant travel documentation. They will ask you many questions related to the information you have provided on your I-94 Arrival Card and Customs Declaration Form (Form 6059B), as well as about the nature of your citizenship, your trip, and any laughable items you are bringing into the U. S. Expect to have your baggage opened for examination, and make sure that you have declared any non travel-related goods that you have with you. Collect Your Bags After passing through Immigration and Customs, follow signs to the baggage admit area.To find the correct carousel, check the scupper board for your flight number. If you waited a long time at Customs, your bags may have already passed through and been placed on the floor of the baggage area. If your luggage is lost o r delayed, go to the airline desk at the airport and file a lost luggage report. If you know where you will be staying in the U. S. , give this address if you dont know where you will be staying, provide your employers address so your bags can be delivered there. Housing Do your best to find housing long before your arrival in the U. S.In many cases, your employer may have recommendations for short- or long housing near your workplace. If you are initiation the search on your own, use the resources below. Most importantly, dont arrive in the U. S. without any pre-arranged housing. For the first few nights in the U. S. you may need short-term housing. Hostels, affordable motels, or universities and colleges are good options. Its even better if you can travel and share expenses with other Work &038 Travel USA students. Make reservations ahead of time to make sure you have a bed or room when you arrive.When provision your long term-housing, consider living with other Work &038 Trave l students this is a great way to make new friends and save money. Also consider whether or not the housing is furnished, includes utilities, and whether it is close to work or is close to public transportation, as these can all affect your monthly costs. Rent, Sublet, or Share? When you start looking for a place to live, you will find apartments that are available to rent, sublet, or share. 1. Rent When you rent an apartment you sign a lease, or contract, with a landlord.Pay close attention to the lease agreement, as there may be penalties for breaking the contract. For example, if you lease an apartment for four months but decide to leave after two months, there may be a financial penalty in addition to your rent. 2. Sublet A sublet is an apartment or room rented by the owner or leaseholder to other person. Finding a sublet is a good option because it gives you flexibility similar to a month-to-month lease. 3. Share If you share an apartment you will pay a parcel of the rent an d common apartment expenses. This can be easier than looking for a place yourself.If you decide to share an apartment, make sure to meet your possible roommate to get a feel for the situation. Your first understanding is always your best, and you should not accept a situation that you dont feel comfortable with. Eviction Eviction means being removed from your housing, and there are many reasons your landlord can do this, including not paying rent on time, fashioning too much noise, or detrimental property. If you are evicted from your housing, you should get an eviction notice and be given a deadline to leave the housing. Do not let eviction happen to you Be respectful of your living situation.This means paying the rent on time, taking care of your property, and following all of the rules in your lease or living agreement. If you have any concerns, talk to your landlord or the person responsible. Work Work &038 Travel USA is an opportunity not only to explore the U. S. , but also to earn money, make new friends, practice English, and experience what its really like to be part of a new culture. But first, you need to find a job and understand how to get started. Check out this section to learn about everything from acquiring a job, to Social Security, to income taxes.I dont have a job nevertheless If you traveled to the U. S. without a job, you will need to find one as before long as possible. For suggestions and resources to help you find a job while in the United States, please visit the Find a Job section. The list of all work places is very big. You can find all kinds of jobs, and every can be very interesting and well-paid. As compared with salary in Moldova, in the U. S. jobs are paid much well then in Moldova, and that salary is enough for staying there for a long time. List of jobs is varied Amusement pack worker Barmen CashierCasino host Builder Cook or induce assistant Customer service peach washer Maid Janitor Painter woodwind worker Car pain ter or Body shop worker host How we can see jobs are simple, but they are taking a lot of time and force. I want to find a second job This is a great idea. Many Work &038 Travel USA students get second jobs while theyre in the United States. There are some simple and important reminders that you should be aware of. Your primary job is your first responsibility. It is important that your second job does not interfere with your primary job.Make sure you let your manager know if you are looking for a second job. net profit Check with your employer to learn how often you will be paid. Most students get paid weekly or every other week. Typically you will receive a paycheck that you deposit into your bank account. Some employers may offer the option of direct deposit, which means that your salary will be deposited directly into your account. In either case, your employer will give you a salary statement, paystub, or pay slip, which will show the hours you worked and the amount you were paid.It will also contain information about the taxes and other deductions taken out of your paycheck. Depending on your agreement with your employer, you might also have uniform, housing, union membership dues, or other work-related items deducted from your salary. After you receive your first paycheck, review it to ensure there are no errors. If you have questions about your paycheck, speak with your employer. Remember that you do not pay Social Security and Medicare taxes if these were deducted in error, speak with your employer. Minimum Wage There is a minimum wage that employers in the U.S. are required to pay. Please note that the wage for some positions earning tips (for example waiter or waitress) may be less than the minimum wage. Overtime At times, there may be opportunities to work additional hours. As a new employee, it is a good idea to accept these overtime hours when possible. Many companies will pay you one-and-a-half times more than the normal wage rate for bare(a ) hours. Ask your employer for company overtime policies. Travel If you intend to travel at the end of your Work &038 Travel USA program, you are free to explore the U.S. for the period of time indicated on your Confirmation of Insurance document. However, when you have approved time off from work during your DS-2019 dates, you are able to travel. Be sure to talk with your manager about the possibility of taking time off from work for travel. You should always ask for days off at least a week in advance. Depending on the agreement you sign with your representative, you may also have a Travel Period following your official work dates, during which your program insurance insurance coverage remains in place.Your overall plan Dates are those stated on your Confirmation of Insurance Coverage document that you received with your DS-2019, and include both the work period and Travel Period. If you did not sign up for a Travel Period when applying for the program, it is not possible to ad d this once you are in the U. S. d) Goals. Why students are going to America? Every student has his own goal. Some of them want just to travel, some want to verify their language intimacy and to use it in, some want to defile there the newest gadgets, because they are cheaper in the U. S.Also, what these people want, whatever they just have fun, earn experience, find new friends But sponsors also have some goals too. Theyve written this one The goals of the Work &038 Travel program are to 1. Facilitate peace, tolerance and understanding through international exchange, global adventure and intercultural interaction. 2. contribute an opportunity for young people from around the world to challenge themselves through acquirement to work, grow and live in another(prenominal) country and culture. 3. Enable young people an affordable option to participate in a quality summer work &038 travel program. ) Problems with the program. For some one Work and Travel is a profit, for others-its a fear. There are a lot of firms-phantoms that take the money and do nothing. In advertisings is written that You can travel all U. S. only for 200$, in other only for 600$. Is it true? Is it possible to earn more then you give and also make an adventure? No maven of the owners of Work and Travel said that maximum you need to pay 2300 or 2600 $. It is the bill for some of the verifications. That is some of the tariffs that you need to pay for the program 1065 $-only to find a job in U.S. A. ,to issue a contract of employment, health insurance,for a letter of recommendationtoget asocial protection number, ID card Intrax (such asidentity cards), formDS2719 (on the basisof whichoffera visa), paymentservice,charged by theUnited Statesfrom allparticipants in the program snow $ for the servicesof the company 131$-for the visa, this amount is paid tothe Embassy about 700$ the priceof a plane ticket. In total,the studentmustpay about 2000 $forshort-term employment contractin America.Anot her problem-every 3-d student doesnt return home in time of vise. In 2007 theU. S. Embassyissuedvisafor more than 5000studentsfor the program Summer Work and Travel. scorn the factthat one of theconditions for participationin the program isto returnin Moldova onSeptember 17, but about 20% of students who leftin summer2007in the U. S. ,did not returnhome, andmore than 40%returned afterthe deadline forthe return ofthe lectures. well-nigh allthe reststayedin the U. S. long-life thanspecifiedin the visaperiod.Ambassadorof Moldovain the United States, NicolaeChirtoaca, said During the summer periodin the practiceof frequentreception of the Embassyincludednoticesfrom prison,reportingon cases of hold and arrest of our studentswho comefor seasonal work. One of the reasons the excessspecified in the visaperiod of stayin the U. S. illegally, orchange of employmentnot specifiedin the contract. There arealso cases where theMoldovanstudentswere detainedin the U. S. for petty thievingin larges tores. There are a lot of more shivery problemsWhen you came in USA- you dont know anybody, you dont know where you are, how and what to do you are alone in antic side. When you come in the USA your job offer can cast you, and then you are left there without money, food, house, you dont know the city, you can lost there without anything, without hope. But there are big advantages One of them that you quickly befit independent, because there is no one who will do your work, you will depend only on you. You are living alone you must do your work only by yourself. And at last you earn money, which you can spend for travelling or some things that you want.Another advantage is that you learn more about the US culture, life, habitats, and holydays. But there is a big unhappy aspect-you can use Work and Travel program only 2 times, and when you get visa second time, the workers of the firm warn you that it is your last time of using Work ant Travel program. Looking at all aspects, probl ems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? Its difficult question that needs reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.We know that there are a lot of people, who use W&038T program. Ive spoken with one some and that is what he tells me His telling about first operations at his place with his documents Today has set the seals to summer academic session and at once has gone, has handed over the students record-book in Pegas. Like as this evening my documents should go already on DS-form reception. someplace in the middle of March means I will go to consulate It is as usual quiet as a boa. Still today has received one more JobOffer (yes-yes, here such in life not justice, at someone it isnt present absolutely, and at someone it is some).From May, 4th till September, 4th the boss has sent such approximate accounting w hitethorn $1650. 00 June $2095. 00 July $2285. 00 August $2805. 00 September $375. 00 (this could be more if I were to extend your employment) Total $9210. 00 The total amount looks anything so, quite. Especially considering that meal and habitation there the free Here now it was puzzled, it is necessary to count up, how many I will earn if I go simply in SF for example and I search there for work, I find, I live and take somewhere meal Nevertheless the variant with CA is pleasing to me more so it is necessary to squeeze all PRO AND CONTRAThen he told me about the process in the embassy On an input the passport you give, write down in magazine. You pass through the metal detector. You go on the 4th floor. There too you submit the passport, you pass through framework. You pass in a postponement room small with chairs further and there behind partitions two windows where consuls sit as in exchange cash desk for fit glasses. At the left the woman, on the right the man The man very long asks all and from its party constantly a laughter is audible The woman works quickly on the contrary. -Hello -Hello Please put your students book. What is your speciality? -Computer comprehension in economy -Why do you want to go to the U. S. A? -I like travelling. -Did you travel before? -Yes, I was in Britain last summer For work there went? (The sense was that, asked again type Sorry? ) -I was on English courses and.. -? -With student visa in Britain I can work only 20 hours, so I work 20 hours. Put the left finger for scanning. Now the right. Thanks. As whom you will work in states? (Has besides asked again) -I will work on mobile assignment unit food concession What concession? -Food selling food. Type and what to sell that you will be? -Hot dogs, pop corn -Do you like hot dogs? -Yeeeeees -Ok. Your visa approved. -Thank you. Bye. All confabulation has occupied on can minute-two Very quickly all When There is there that already on the automatic mould ask again Sorry ? If It is hardly not clear In life the most important thing is seriousness learn it to represent and the success is provided. Then he gave me some posts from his blog, which he was makeup in the U. S. A 1)Has once again understood, how badly I know English.Has come on mail and here has understood that I vaguely represent how to tell a phrase I should receive a parcel (but hasnt received). Certainly I could explain it and me have understood even from the first But probably spirit I make the real lymph node worker (as in the Russian alliance different Asians). His opinion about disadvantages of W&038T if you want to practice your English Gathered to America Thought (has been assured) what big city, I want in small American village And that there was no Russian for they and in the Russian alliance suffice meThought I will speak only in an English, to work with Americans and so on Well also what? Than all it has ended? I live in almost million city which is considered most Europ ean, in Russian area, removing habitation at Russian-speaking, my neighbour about the room Russian-speaking, my flat mates Russian-speaking, on work at me ALL Russian-speaking And in addition I write in the blog in Russian and I go to read Russian news and forums And also his opinion about the USA and the UK Here 3,5 months I in America (well hardly it is more).Exactly so much I have stayed in last year in Britain. Also that I have noticed Those 3,5 months in Britain I remember almost every day, all the summer long was one cool down adventure. I remember as have arrived, as went to college as searched for work as went on it as we went to Oxford and Cambridge as somewhere went all that was then. Even work is there was an adventure part, a part of knowledge of Britain 3,5 months in America Well how to tell I remember the first 3 days after an arrival, and continuous color everyday life all rest, boutThere are some entrancing moments (which are remembered when you re-read this di ary), but also those as though in a corrupt That is simply stupid working day after day and any adventures and romanticism. As-it it is not correct 4. Conclusion. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? Its a difficult question that needs a reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.Work &038 Travel USA program gives you a pass to be much more than a tourist Experience life in the U. S. by working side-by-side with locals. Its a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses Dialogue with the friend who is in the USA. -Hello, Friend -Hi -How are you? I know hat youre in the USA. Is it true? -Yes, Im in the USA -What are you doing there? How do you get there? -Ive get here with help of the W program, and this program had helped me to find work. -Where are you working? -Im working in a very attractive restaurant And how is going? -Its a hard job. Very hard. I went through humiliation, because Im not from America. -Its very sad. -First time it was very hard. I didnt know this city, I didnt know anyone. Every thing was foreign for me. But I found a good place to live. I found Russian speaking people. I found new friends. -And how are you now? -Im fine. I have minatory but well paid job, I have new friends, Ive learnt a lot of new things about the USA. -Wow Youve learnt so much thing being in the USA How do you think should I try this program? I think that this will give you a good life experience, a new knowledge about this country and about people who live there Try it You may go to the one of offices of W&038T program and they will give you all the information you need. Its a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses Bye. 5. Sources. Sites 1. moldova. usembassy. gov 2. migratie. md 3. en. wikipedia. org 4. myworkandtrave l. com. ua 5. simplex. dp. ua 6. workandtravel. su 6. Supplements. pic pic pic pic picpic picpic picpic picpic picpic picpic picpicpicpicpicpic