Goals

Write knock down one of your SMART aspirations as a college student. Date 25 July 2014 Proof. concern Alfalfa My SMART goal as a college student is to finis college and graduate with a head in Chemical Engineering. The reason for choosing this line of light uponment is that I particularly like interpersonal chemistry and would like to work in the fields involving Chemistry. Furthermore, to study Chemical Engineering at M. I. T. Ill be do a tremendous amount of help to me. 2. Explain how this goal faecal matter be made a) special(prenominal) To be specific approximately my goal, I want to fully graduate at M.I. T. With a degree in Chemical Engineering. As I hire mentioned earlier, I have taken a liking to Chemistry, and furthermore, I achieved good grades in Chemistry during High school. If I do graduate, I entrust be satisfactory to get a Job in such a different field of work. B) Measurable To measure the progress of this goal, it will be consummate(a) within 4 to 5 ye ars. indoors the course of each year, it will obviously become harder to achieve this goal, due to growing amount of subjects, projects, assignments and the like. To throw off certain points to check on the progress would be, finishing each years agitate of subjects. ) Achievable To achieve this goal, I have to study. As simple as it sounds, it is not simple in action, as I would need to be persistent & hardworking towards my studies. This will be in truth hard to achieve but it is worthwhile. D) Realistic Reason being for this goal to be very rewarding, is the widely open and diverse field of work I can be able to get into. Furthermore, in todays day and age, there is a great need of engineers, and a greater need for Chemical Engineers. This suits me fair(a) fine, as I often think that I have an skill for Science. E) Time bound As fore mentioned, this goal will be achieved in 4 to 5 years.Even though this course is usually through with(p) within 5 years, M. I. T. Is able to p roduce engineers within 4 years. Within this timeshare, I will be able to learn and achieve galore(postnominal) other things on the way. 3. Write a plan of action finish To graduate at M. I. T. With a degree in Chemical Engineering. Specific Actions to be taken -To study with persistence and hard work -To endure in the following years -Be able to make friends and get along with umteen other students Timeshare Within this timeshare, I would need to accomplish many subjects to graduate, major subjects such as Science and Mathematics, and other subjects, such as NSP and Humanities.

Compare and Contrast of Hector and Achilles

Option B Compare and contrast the characters of boss around and Ach aguishes. I choose to compare and contrast the characters of hector and Achilles because I am interested in their story. I venture there are small-army report card in this story, besides the central theme is the fate of men if it is ? xed or changed by the ordain of men. I feel interesting that the gods decides the fate of people. And I choose this option because I feel that I can project what the author necessitys to express to the readers by comparing Hector and Achilles.Therefore, I allow compare the strengths and the weakness of both heroes. First of all, I will keep intimately Hector. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest ? ghter for Troy in the Trojan War. He was born as a son of mogul Priam and Queen Hecuba. His father was the king of Troy. He had a wife called Andromache and the son, Astyanax. In the European Middle Ages, Hector was one of the Nine Worthies. And he was a good son, husband and father. Most of all, he love the peace. He loved his artless, his people, his family and wanted to die with honor.When he realized that Jove and his son Apollo are not with him for the treasureion anymore against Achilles, he says to himself My doom has come upon me let me not them die ingloriously and without a struggle, simply let me ? rst do whatever great thing that shall be told among men hereafter. . The gods decided not to protect him. That was the reason why Hector lost, notwithstanding he wanted to ? ght against the loaded Achilles. Therefore, I think Hector was the true soldier. I want to relieve about Achilles now. He was a hero and greatest warrior for Greek in the Trojan War.He was the son of the goddess Thetis and Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons. Achilles was a mortal someone tied(p) though he was the son of a goddess. And he had the great superbia that he was the strongest soldier, and he did not want to be under anybody. When the Agamemnon dishonour hi m, Achilles asked his goddess mother to go to Jove, then to ask Jove to help Troy, so that Agamemnon would be in trouble. Therefore, Achilles did not think about his kingdom and his people. He hardly think about himself. So I think Achilles is not the person to be the king.Now I want to compare and contrast their strength and the weakness. First, I want to write about Hectors strength. He was despairing and courageous. He was the man who thought about his family, loved his family and thought his region and people. He wanted to die with honor. He went to genus Paris because he did not stand to hear bad things about Paris and said, you ? ght bravely, and no man with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and willfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they imbibe suffered much on your account.Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the tran sfuse of our deliverance before ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chase the Achaeans from Troy. From this conversation, you can see that Hector thinks about his brother, thinks about the people of Troy, and is uncoerced to push his brother to ? ght with honor. When he fought with Achilles, Hector escaped to ? ght him ? rst because he was horror-struck of Achilles. However, when he realized that the gods were not with him to ? ht Achilles, he decided to ? ght with honor until he died. Therefore, I think one of his strength is his brave heart. But Paris did not have the brave heart. adjoining, I want to write about Achilless strength. I think Achilles did not have many strength. I think the physical power from his goddess mother was the only strength he had. Even the king Agamemnon feared his strength. Hector was the greatest soldier in Troy, but even that greatest soldier run away from Achilles when Hector was stand up in front of the gate of Troy.It say s Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but ? ed in dismay from before the gates, which Achilles darted after him at his last-place speed. . Then when Hector ? nally decided to ? ght with Achilles, Achilles killed him easily. Therefore, I think Achilles was the strongest worrier on earth. Next, I want to write about Hectors weakness. I could not ? nd many weakness of Hector, however, the only weakness I could ? nd was that Hector did not know how strong he was. He thought that he could ? ht with Achilles, but when he met Achilles, he run away. He run away because he ? nally realized that he was not as strong as Achilles when he met the enemy at the gate. I think it is too late for him to realized that. Because of this weakness, he died. Therefore, Hector did not have many weakness, but the only weakness he had destroyed him. Next is the weakness of Achilles. I think Achilles had many weakness even though he was the greatest warrior on ea rth. I think Achilles was strong physically, but he was weak mentally. When Agamemnon took Briseis from Achilles,Achilles went to the sea and prayed to his mother such as, Mother, you bore me fate to live but for a little season surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, tycoon have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonor, and has robbed me of my consider by force. . He cried when he was saying it. This was not like the greatest warrior, but rather a small childs doing. He liked to ? ght and liked to kill people. He was very good at killing people, but he did not have any abide by to his king, his country and his people.When he killed Hector, he did something very dishonorable. Achilles treated the body of Hector with contumely. He pierced the sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide by means of the slits he had made. He made the body fast to his chariot, letting the precede trail upon the ground. Then Achilles lashed his horse on, and the dust rose from Hector as he was being dragged along. Thus was the head of Hector being dishonored in the dust. This is not something what the greatest warrior does. Again Achilles became so emotional that he acted like a child.Therefore, I think that Achilles is not a person to be a great king. If he becomes to be a king, his country and people will be destroyed. I do not want to live in his country. I think he has the extreme character. He was a supermen physically, but he was a little kid mentally. As the conclusion of the comparison between Hector and Achilles, Hector is more heroic than Achilles. I think that the hero is a person who think of his country and his people. After comparing the characters of Hector and Achilles, the person who thinks of his country and his people is Hector.Hector forever and a day thinks about his country, his people and his family. He loves his father, his mother, his brothers, his wife and his c hild. When Hector died, Pariss wife, Helen, cried and said, I have never heard one word of displease or unkindness from you. . Helen was the person who was the cause of this war. I think it is dif? fad to be kind to Helen, but Hector was nice to her. That means Hectors heart was so deep. And I think Hector will be the greatest king. I love to live in his country.

Macbeth Coursework Essay

Refer ring to the trine master(prenominal) scenes that the witches surface in, write active the effect they give to the play as a whole and all overly how they influence Macbeth to be perk up as he does.Macbeth, a tragic story of how greed can corrupt the mind. scripted in 1606 for King mob the first, people did actu all(prenominal) t sr.y suppose in witches. I my-self believe that William Shakespeargon functiond the witches as the fuel for his play, I forecast this led to the massive success of Macbeth.When people thought of King James the first they may have also thought of witches. After all James did publicise his beliefs and thought in witches. He believed that they had an effect on his life. The people of his countries (England and Scotland) would have thought it was completely normal. instanter a twenty-four hour period, if someone acc habituated someone of being a witch, the accuser would be looked upon in society as insane.The whim of witches over the years has manifestly dried out.In class we have watched and studied two distinct films based on Macbeth. One was Macbeth on the Estate. This was extremely distinct to what I expected. Produced in 1996 its quite a groundbreaking film. I thought it was incredible how they managed to use every word from Macbeth, (the play its-self) and die it into a modern set. The film was filmed on an estate on Birmingham and the main characters were young street yobs Personally I imagine it mustiness have been a hard job for the film producers to re-film Macbeth into a modern time.A nonher film was just called Macbeth produced in 1971 its quite an old film. It was though exactly what I expected. It was a brilliant film and entirely a few features let it down. Music which I call up plays a big role in films and plays because it allows us to understand the mood and expression of the play/film. I believe technology was to blame for this thoughDid the witches have an effect on the reference? Yes of menstruate did. Why? Simply because witchcraft played an big sectionalisation in the lives of the people who lived during the period of the 1500s to the 1600s. I mean, going out to town, bowling is all normal that what well-nigh going to weigh the local witch been executed publically? 300 years ago this would as normal as every of the activities above. Back so I hazard people were fascinated with witches. Witches held so much mystery story and had a force of hero-worship surrounding them. Of course this is what people thought, if people went to see Macbeth at the theatre in Leeds, patently I foolt esteem people would have as much interest as people 300 years ago. in that location would be interest in the witches Im not verbalize the opposite, but not as much as hindquarters then. I come back it would make the audience applaud how and why the people of the 1600s lived like they did.The witches appear in three main scenes in Macbeth hear on 1 scene 1Act 1 scene 3Ac t 4 scene 1In act 1 scene 1 they, to me, follow before the play. Although we often forget that the play is all about witchcraft, conceptualizeing about it, the witches do play an important part in Macbeth. I commemorate when Shakespe ar wrote act 1 scene 1 his intentions were to grip the audience at the very beginning. The witches do not appear to do any shrinkg in this scene it seems as if theyre there to introduce them-selves, they take upt really appear for a drive. I think its just to hype the audience up for the rest of the play.In act 1 scene 3 the witches rate us essentially what Macbeth is about. Shakespeare grips the audience even tighter when they sayFIRST temptress All fare Macbeth, hail to thee Thaneof Glamis.SECOND WITCH All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thaneof Cawdor. terce WITCH All hail Macbeth, that shalt beKing hereafter.I think Shakespeare here uses repetition really well. It adds mystery and feeling to the play. A squeamish audience at this moment must b e really into the play. The mystery deepens even more when less than a few scenes away a messenger arrives to tell Macbeth that he is now Thane of Cawdor.A modern audience at this point must shiver with excitement. A Victorian audience may have done the same, after all these people did fear witches in their day.In act 4 scene 1 I dont really feel that this scene does much for the play. whatsoever people may disagree and I can see why. I mean people sat their reading the book must be thinking, how the hell can a tree move?This is because Macbeth saysMACBETH Who can touch the forest, bid the treeUnfix its earth-bound root?This will keep the reader wondering, I wonder when this prophesy will come true?I think they would think this because they unavoidableness to see how the tree ends up moving this was skilful on Shakespeares part this would have helped keep the audience interested. in that respect are three prophesies all which tell Macbeth when to start worrying.The language the witches use is strange even for Shakespeares time Another thing is that the lines are shorter than the lines in other part of the play. I dont think this is a coincidence, I personally think Shakespeare did this to keep the witches rhymes simple. I think he did this to keep the audience interested and not rate them off.The use of rhyme people often forget that poetic writing doesnt have to rhyme, in fact in the play there isnt really much rhyming going on, but when the witches speak in Macbeth therere speeches do rhyme unlike most parts of the play.To add even more mystery to the witches they use strange ingredients in their potions I mean we all expect strange items but not that strange. Cats tongues, guts, eyes what more do we want? I think this would have helped Shakespeare with his audience. I think they would have loved the idea of witches around a cauldron especially JamesGoing back and looking at these two scenesAct 1 scene 3Act 4 scene 1We see that Macbeth is involved in both scenes. In act 1 scene 3 we see Macbeth as a worrier for his country, a gentleman. In this scene he bumps into the witches with Banquo his best friend. From what I can tell Macbeth is a bit floor I think this because he basically asks them what they are, I think he doubts that they are human. I think this because Macbeth saysMACBETH Speak if you can what are you?The witches then tell Macbeth that he shall be Thane of Cawdor then King. Banquo interrupting seems more enthusiastic about talking to the witches who then tell Banquo his children shall be Kings. Maybe Macbeth is essay to take in what hes just been told. I think Macbeth wants to believe the witches but he doesnt want to get his hopes up. Thats why hes looking for a reason, he asksMACBETH By Sinells death I know I am Thane of Glamis,But how, of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor livesA prosperous gentlemanThe witches then vanish and Macbeth is left talking to Banquo. I think Macbeth is still avoiding taking about him been K ing, he saysMACBETH Your children shall be Kings.In Act 4 Scene 1 we see Macbeth as a murderer and a evil man or should I say King. He barges onto the scene and demands answers from the witches I know this because he saysMACBETH Howeer you come to know it, answer meThree apparitions then go on to tell Macbeth three thingsOne that he should be aware of Macduff,Two that he should he should be aware of anyone not born from a womens womb andThree that he should we weary when the woods begin to move. I think at this point in the play Macbeth is worried about Banquos children and what the witches told Macbeth at the beginning of the play. I think this because he saysMACBETH domiciliate tell so much-will Banquos issue everReign in this Kingdom?The witches do not give Macbeth his answer. I think the reason for this is because if the audience know the answer to this question then they can bet out the end of the play.As Ive already said, I do think the witches played an enormous part in Ma cbeth. I also think that they play a earlier big part in Macbeths life after all arent they really the ones accountable for King Duncans death? I think they are. I think this because at the end of the day the witches gave Macbeth the idea of killing the witch. I think as soon as the third witch saysTHIRD WITCH All hail Macbeth, that shalt beKing hereafter.I think this is, in a way the poison been injected into Macbeths blood. Its only a matter of time before it begins to kick in, and when it does Macbeth will think up his plans to murder King Duncan. Another reason I think the witches are to blame is because Macbeth wouldnt have done it with out them I think this because Macbeth says to his wife when she pushes him into murdering DuncanMACBETH We will proceed no further in this line of creditHe also saysMACBETH So foul and fair a day I have not seen.I think the above proves he wouldnt have murdered Duncan if he had not met the witches. I dont think the witches are all to blame th ough, I dont think Lady Macbeth helps either shes always trying to push Macbeth into committing murder. Some people in the audience may wonder if Lady Macbeth is a witch or perhaps the witches have put a spell on her?I have seen two contrastive sports of the witches on screen and both were extremely different. Obviously the two versions were Polanskis version and Macbeth on the Estate.In Polanskis version the witches were what you would expect, old pathetic women who lived in a dirty smelling cave but in Macbeth on the estates version the witches were played by three children who lived in an old abandoned flat. I thought this was a rather interesting (and clever) concept.Both films were very good but if I had to occupy one which I thought was the most effective (concerning the witches only) I would ingest Polanskis version. This is because the witches were exactly what I expect and want. You dont want sweet little children playing the part of horrible witches. It just isnt Macb eth. It rips the whole idea of witches into shreds or to be more precise it doesnt follow the stereotype. Some people may think this is a noisome thing but I would have to disagree with them.However in Polanskis version the witches are brilliant theyre ugly, theyre old, theyre dirty and theyre naked. I also think Polanskis version was better because we saw the witches using magic. For example when they faded out into thin air. It was what I expected and the reasons above are the reasons I choose Macbeth over Macbeth on the Estate.

Law of International Trade Essay

IntroductionCoffee Beans that were bought in Sao Paulo, Brazil ar to be conveyinged to a depot based in Durham, England. The total weight of the Coffee Beans to be mailped is 1500 tonnes. At firstly, this may select the appearance _or_ semblance to be an ordinary enchantment on the surface. However, when putting into perspective the mensuration of lawfulities to be fulfilled and the massive quantity of beans involved, the daunting nature of the commercial enterprise drives evident.Every country has its suffer set of peculiar cope rectitudes. These laws become more complex and stringent when it comes to International trade. However, while trading crosswise boundaries, the local domestic law privations to be respected at either bell. An International trade law is a combination of the law of the land and international laws commanding the trans deed of conveyanceions of goods or ser valetudinarianisms crosswise b dictates (Cornell, 2005).Multi riperal treaties atomic spell 18 excessively sign(a) amongst countries to resolve disputes and efficaciously go through mutu solelyy con dis bewildered limits and causes. This is done to standardize the entire do by and prevent conflicts. For instance, the Convention on develops for the International Sales of Goods(CISG) is one such(prenominal)(prenominal) international trade accord put forth by the UN to govern International trade trading operations.The different modes of transportation avail able for transportation need to be considered, keeping in mind a host of factors. This includes ensuring the safety device transit of the beans at separately and every point, right from the spot of barter for to the destination depot. Efforts in either deterrent example need to be made to make the exercise as economical as possible. The reduction in transportation charges would interpret to higher levels of profit.The sharing of the costs involved in deportation the beans should be properly worked out and the decisions should be incorporated into the agreement. The point at which the venders indebtedness ends overly require to be appropriately scheduleed. It is normally indicated by the INCO terms. Although economy in transportation is essential, it should non come at the cost of invaluable season. The goods similarly need to be transported within a reasonable timeframe. The laws regulating trade in the departure as rise as destination points need to be properly interpreted, in order to a vitiate confusion at a later point of time. This calls for germane(predicate) paperwork which would certify the legitimacy of the whole attend.To start with, the whole process needs to be broken down into different steps. The purchase of coffee beans place either be from a manufacturer or a wholesaler. germane(predicate) proof of purchase provided should be provided by the trafficker, after receiving the agreed price. different export licences should be purchased, in order to send them to the depot in Durham. Then, the purchased beans argon moved to a wargonhouse.Since the purchased goods argon quite voluminous and bulky, transporting the goods with best the intimately cost-effective solution. However, the goods from the traffickers premises decl be to be transported to a w behouse. A w arhouse is usually an empty terminal with adequate facilities for moving goods. It is used by manufacturers, businesses, importers, wholesalers, exporters and customs agency to intermediately store goods.The seller would befool to nonify the purchaser nearly the estimated time of arrival. The seller would besides decl atomic number 18 to provide necessary proof mendeleviumuments of each stage involved in the way of the goods. A host of expenses ar usually incurred during the private instructor of goods from one country to a nonher.This includes expenses incurred in Warehouse warehousing and labour, export packing, gestateload charges, inland freight, te rminal charges, forwarders fee, vessel cargo charges, charges upon arrival, ocean/ air freight, excise duty, taxes, customs and charges upon bringing at the destination. season carrying out International trade, the main concern is the surety of obtaining payments within an unobjectionable gunpoint of time. This concern is addressed by the concept of documentary film Credits.Documentary Credit is a system by which the buyer instructs his swan to pay the seller. On the basis of customer trust, the bank transfers the funds to the sellers bank posting on the behalf of the buyer. However, adequate documents in support of the touch transaction will consider sent from the ship to the sellers bank.After verifying these documents, they are sent to the buyers bank for further processing (Fraud Aid, 2005). In this arrangement, the bank becomes the primary obligator, thereby promoting legal International trade by eliminating doubts and concerns about payment. The written instruction tending(p) by the buyer to his bank is also comm and known as letter of credit (L/C).The International Chamber of Commerce has defined or so internationally recognised trading terms. These terms are otherwisewise referred to as INCO terms 2000. These trading terms are comm only(prenominal) used during the abroad transportation of goods. They are used to indicate whether it is the seller or buyer that has to produce the required documents essential for carrying out trade on a global scale. The INCO terms should be followed by the named place summonsed in the agreement (International Business Institute, 2000). The named place in this case is Durham, England. These terms are adequate of designating the liabilities as well as rights of each party involved.Incoterms 2000Ex full treatment refers to type of delivery where the entire cost and risk of transporting the goods from sellers premises to the final destination is borne by the buyer. This model is highly unspoiled to the s eller, since there is no risk involved. The seller does non even have to affect up the state of loading the goods from his premises, as the only bargain will be to make goods available. The relevant invoice and testimonials mentioned in the agitate will also have to be provided by the seller. The short term for Ex Works is EXW.Free Alongside transfer transfers the risk and cost of transportation when the seller transports the goods to the quay, alongside the ship. The abbreviation for Free Alongside Ship is FAS. In Free Carrier, the responsibility of ensuring the safety of the goods ends for the seller when the goods are handed over to the Carriers custody at a mutually agreed location.This location is referred to as the named point. In Free On Board, the seller strikes the obligation until the goods are put on board the ship at the porthole of shipment. The port of shipment is mentioned in the bosom. From this point, the risk transfers to the Buyer. This is commonly know n as FOB.In Cost & Freight (CFR), the seller ships the goods to the named Port of destination mentioned in the contract, by paying the freight charges. The buyer accordingly takes up off responsibility when the goods pass over the ships rail at the Port. The modifys of Cost indemnity & Freight are correspondent to the previous one. However, the Seller has to take the additional responsibility of paying the insurance premium on the buyers behalf. This is denoted by CIF. The seller has to also incur expenses in insuring all the risks until the named destination, in the case of stroller & Insurance Paid (CIP).When the seller bears the freight charges of the goods until they reach the mutually agreed location, it is mentioned as handler Paid (APT). As soon as the goods reach the first common crew cut, it becomes a liability of the buyer. In Delivery at Frontier (DAB), the seller bears the charges and liabilities until the goods enter the Frontier. When the goods reach the Cust oms process, it risk transfers to the buyer. Delivered work Paid (ADP) is most favorable to the buyer, since the seller will bear all charges incurred in delivering the goods to the buyer.Delivered art Unpaid is similar to ADP, with the exception of import duty and other functionary import charges that are borne by the buyer. In Delivered Ex Ship (DES), the responsibility and cost of transferring the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the ship carrying the goods reaches the destination port. It will be the buyers responsibility to discharge the goods. Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ) is of deuce types Duty Paid and Duty on Buyers Account. The seller has the obligation to deliver the goods in the quay of the destination port. Either the buyer or the sealer takes up the responsibility of the paying the duty, according to the initial agreement.Farther considerationsMany factors have to be considered when it comes to structuring a shover contract agreement. There are three bods of charge common carriage, contract carriage and private carriage. Common carriage is a type of mail pallbearer service catering to the general public to arrange common transportation services. These services have to be authorized by various government regulatory agencies. The tariffs that are charged for the service licitly demanded locations are held by these agencies. arrive carriage involves transportation services to an untrammelled number of posts. These agencies also have to get necessary authorization from the equivalent agencies. Relevant contracts consisting of details about the minimum rates and charges are recordd at different granting agencies and. Copies of this contract are also retained at the facilities of the shippers as well as the letter aircraft carrier waves.Private carriage offers transportation services to business enterprises. This service is for meant for manufacturers and distributors that transport their goods in their private vehicles driven b y their own employees. It is also commonly known as shipper-carrier.The distinct needs readying takes trade of distinguishing the different carriage types. It is very essential to distinguish between a normal contract and a carriage contract blow to accomplish this could result in several liability issues on both(prenominal) sides. This distinct needs preparation helps to distinguish a carriage contract from a regular one.This provision incorporates certain unique terms and conditions including item requirements of a shipper and the obligations that need to be satisfied by the contract carrier. some of the commonly mention distinct needs in a carriage contract agreement are price adjustment articles, terms of credit, secondary transportation charges, cargo transfer charges and specific delivery schedules. However, the shipper should truly integrate these unique services if they are mentioned. A certain degree of rationality should be allowed while dealing with carriage con tracts.First of all, one has to recognise various shipping term in order to comprehend the shipping rules better. Carrier is a term used to refer to the individual who signs the contract of carriage with a shipper. It is usually the owner or charterer who hires a ship to carry their cargo, passengers or other goods. Shipper refers to the person who pays money to the carrier to transport his goods (Arnold, 2003). Hence, the term shipper may either refer to the buyer or the seller of the beans, depending upon the INCO term in use.Carrier is the company or agency which undertakes to ship the beans from Brazil to England. The Contract of carriage will apply to agreements mentioned in the distinction of lading or any similar document that concerns the carriage of goods by sea. The term goods is used to refer to wares, merchandise and other articles. However, live wights are not included in the goods category. Goods such as brandy and gun gunpowder were classified as dangerous goods. The validity period of the Contract of carriage starts from the time of goods being loaded until they are unloaded from the ship.Hague & Hague Visby RulesHague rules were framed by the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of equity relating to Bills of clog and protocol of Signature. It came into effect on 25 August 1924 in Brussels. It was an effort to draw a minimum mandatory liability for carriers, since most of them were evading the liability out-of-pocket to loss or damage of cargo. fit to the composition for Economic Co-operation and increment (OECD), this was a move by the International community to fabricate a fair system for the shipper as well as the carrier. Even today, these rules act as the foundation for framing marine trading laws for a mass of the nations around the world. harmonise to Hague Rules, the carrier will be liable to bear the cost of damaged or lost goods only if the shipper is able to rise up that the shippers lack or a bsence of diligence. However, the carrier would not be held liable if the ship was unseaworthy. The carrier will also lose the liability to compensate for the goods, when the damage is caused by a natural calamity termed as Act of God or a fire accident which is caused to delinquent to any reason other than a fault in the carrier vessel. The carrier will also not be liable for restoration caused out-of-pocket to the act of terrorists, war or and other anti-social elements like pirates.The carrier would not be responsible for a delay in the delivery of goods, if the delay was caused due to an emergency situation like lockouts, quarantine operations or public strikes. The shipper would not be able to carry return from the carrier, even in the event of neglect of the duty by the employees of the ship. Hence, this enabled the carrier to get away with liabilities arising as a result of errors made by the people workings on board such as mariners and the carriers working staff, if t he carrier was in a position to ascend that the ship was seaworthy and adequately and appropriately manned (Admiralty justness Guide, 2006). Since this provision lets carriers to get away scot-free, it has posed a serious conflict in balancing liabilities between the carrier and shipper.Transportation of goods involves two main types of contracts. They are Carriage Contract Agreement and Bill of laden Contract. Carriage Contract Agreements are usually gestural when long shipments are involved. It serves as a continuing contract that stands for the safe delivery of goods to promised destination. It usually covers multiple shipments that are necessary to carry out a long shipment process. The complete shipment process may involve other modes of transportation such as ground and air shipment. However, carriage contract piece of ass not serve as a receipt of merchandise.The Bill of dispatch is issued by the carrier as a proof of receiving the goods and serves as receipt of merchand ise. A Bill of Lading is an agreement for a single shipment process which may be a part of a long process. In the practical sense, it is a list of expenditures incurred towards loading goods into a vessel. It is governed by all the terms and conditions mentioned in the Carriage Contract. It also acts as certificate that verifies the genuineness of the loaded goods. Further, it indicates whether the have goods were in good condition or not. Depending upon condition of the goods and promotional material, the Bill of Lading is classified as Clean or decease Bill of Lading. It also is further proof of the existence of a Carriage Contract (Wikipedia, 2006).However, the Bill of lading and Carriage Contract are whole different entities and they serve different purposes. Hence, the Bill of Lading groundwork not be used as a Contract Carriage and vice versa. There are three types of burden of lading right away carte du jour of lading, order bill of lading and bearer bill of lading.I n straight bill of lading, the consignee can claim damages from the consigner when the goods are not delivered on time due to defaulting or negligence of the consigner. This bill of lading is non-negotiable. In order bill of lading, the consignee can obtain delivery of goods if the consignee provides a bill and evidence showing the consigners interest to transfer. This bill of lading is negotiable. In bearer bill of lading, any person retention the bill of landing is entitled to consume the goods.When the consigner does not mention the consignees name, it becomes a bearer bill and can be negotiated. Goods that are issued with a negotiable bill of lading can be consumed only if the original documents are presented at the time of delivery. However, the speeding of trade and transit operations has given way to the issue of non-negotiable documents for goods, which enables the consigner to receive the goods by just presenting the non-negotiable bill of lading (Forwarder Law, 2005).So me of the standard obligations that have to be fulfilled by the consigner include providing the carrier with consignees name and address and destination of the carriage. The nature, weight, volume and the quantity of the goods to be shipped are also to be clearly stated.Even the packing and wrapping style, number of packages and any other details needed to identify the goods need to be provided by the consigner. The consignor would be held be responsible for any damages, in the event of false or insufficient details being provided. According to Article 283 of the Carriage of Goods by ocean Act (CGSA) (1924), the Bill of Lading can be issued either in the name of a particular person or the bearer. It usually consists of the following details,1) Date of issuing the bill.2) venue where the bill was signed and brought to effect.3) Place of departure and destination.4) Names and addresses of the consignor, consignee, carrier and the carriage commission agent.5) The value and identificat ion details of the shipped items.6) Date of shipping.7) Freight and other expenses with an indication of whether they are payable by the consignor or the consignee.8) The conditions pertaining to the loading and unloading, type of transport means required to be used for carriage, the thoroughfare to be followed, a determination of the responsibility and any other spare conditions which may be included in a carriage contract.In addition to the bill of lading, the carrier also issues a non-negotiable receipt called bill of lading which proves to be useful in a situation when the goods arrive in front the transaction documents. It is also issued when the consignee and the consigner is the same person (Evans, 2001). This option can be chosen when the consigner decides to reduce paperwork. A ships delivery order is another document that undertakes to carry goods by sea. The victuals for this document are provided by the CGSA (1992). However, this document can neither qualify a waybi ll nor a bill of lading.According to Article 284 of the CGSA (1924), the carrier would be required to issue a bill of lading to the consigner. Alternatively, the carrier can also give a receipt mentioning the details of the goods carried and attend of consignment to the consigner. The consigner would be required to deliver the goods to be shipped at the carriers premises. The consigner should also produce relevant document deemed necessary for shipping. The consigner will be held responsible for any liability arising as a result of inaccurate or incomplete study in the documents provided.According to Article 288 of the CGSA (1924), Since the carrier possesses the right to examine the incase goods and the standard of packing before the carriage, the damage of goods arising due to improper packaging is not entirely borne by the consigner the liability is shared with the carrier.According to Article 289 of the same Act, the initial enquiry of the goods would require the presence of the consigner, if fount of packaging is involved. If the consigner is absent during the inspection process, the examination would progress and examination costs would be levied from the consigner. If the carrier finds the goods to be unsuitable for transit, the consigner would be informed about the same. Such goods would be shipped by the carrier only if the consigner bears the liability of damage of goods and the consigners consent about the same is incorporated into the Bill of Lading. load Insurance compensates the shipper with losses caused due to fire, loss of cargo and damage. However, losses that can be recovered from the carrier will not be compensated by Insurance Company. It is also popularly known as Marine insurance. It is further classified into landlocked and Ocean Marine Insurance. Inland Marine Insurance is issued for goods that are transported without the involving any form sea transport and Ocean Marine Insurance is meant for goods that are shipped through water ways. The three pillars of Marine Insurance are insurable interest, extent good faith, and indemnity (Export 911).Marine Insurance is not mandatory, unless it is mentioned so in the agreement. The proof of Insurance is provided by the Insurance policy duly signed by the authority of the Insurance Company. Generally, the insurance would cover the loss or damage of coffee beans under normal circumstances. However, the insurance would become void when the shipper tries to or succeeds in causing intentional damage. When the loss of coffee beans is spare or caused as a result of improper packaging, the insurance would not cover the loss.According to Article 292 of the CGSA (1924), the carrier is obliged to travel in the mutually agreed upon route mentioned in the agreement. However, the carrier is expected to take the shortest route if a route is not mentioned in the agreement. However, the carrier can change course if any unavoidable situation arises and the carrier would not be held liable for any loss caused to the consigner due to the late delivery of goods, provided a genuine reason is established.The goods being transported by the carrier should be properly safeguarded. The costs incurred in achieving this objective, such as repackaging charges are solely borne by the carrier. However, this does not imply taking additional care of the goods being transported. For instance, when animals are being shipped, the carrier will not be responsible for maintaining the health of the animal by providing food and water. The same condition will stand good while transporting plants as well. However, the carrier would have to take up such responsibilities, if such conditions governing the well-being of plants and animal are incorporated in the agreementGenerally, the carrier will have the obligation to discharge the goods from the ship and bear the charges incurred towards it. In the event of the agreement not requiring the delivery of the shipped item to the consignees f acility, then the consignee would have to receive the same on a particular date fixed by the carrier. If the consignee fails to do so, then s/he would have to bear the charges incurred by the carrier for storing the shipped item. However, the consignee has the right to examine the contents before acknowledging the receipt and rule out the same, if the carrier is not co-operating.The next protocol towards the emancipation of the shippers came in the form of the Brussels protocol in 1968. It was responsible for infusing an important clause called the container clause. It enabled shippers to claim the compensation for each container specified in the Bill of Lading (Admiralty Law, 2005). As a result, this liability system came to be known as the Hague-Visby Rules. An additional protocol was added in 1979 to enhance and revise the rules. However, neither of two supplementary protocols of the Hague rules was able to effectively modify the basic liability provisions.Hamburg RulesThe Hambu rg rules were implement at the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea held in Hamburg on 30 March 1978. The chief objective was to enforce a system that would share the liabilities and obligations between shipper and carrier in fairer manner. However, it was only able to mildly move the liabilities to the carrier. In addition to the terms carrier, shipper, goods and ship, a term called Actual carrier is defined by the Hamburg rules. It refers to a person or an agency to which the carrier hands over the complete or partial responsibility of carrying the goods.The time period for claiming the liabilities caused by the carrier is also specified by the Hamburg rules. The shipper can sue the carrier for any liabilities with a two year time period from the date of delivery of the goods. This period can be extended by issuing appropriate legal declarations. However, this time period gets reduced to 90 eld, in the case of a second claim after the verdict is reached for the first claim. First of all, a written complaint has to be instituted to the carrier within the next working day, in the case of apparent damage or loss.However, in the case of damage or loss not being evident, the shipper would have to file a written complaint to the carrier within 15 days of receiving the goods. In order to be in a position to claim damages due to delay, the carrier would have to give a manipulable to the shipper within 60 days of the delivery. The complaint can be sent to the carrier in writing or via telegraph. Adequate facilities will also have provided by both parties to inspect and clarify these claims. If the shipper fails to satisfy any of the aforementioned conditions, he or she will not be able to claim damages from the carrier.The Hamburg rules also specify the limits for liability compensation. The compensation for the liabilities arising as a result of damage or loss can not exceed an amount more than 2.5 units of account per kilogram or 835 units o f account per package. This unit is quantified by the International Monetary Fund as a result of a Special Drawing Right. If the shippers enunciate is a member of the International Monetary Fund, then the units would be changed into the says currency on the judgment day. If the shippers State is not a member of the International Monetary Fund, the units would be converted according to the States local laws. The liabilities for delay in the delivery of goods should not be more than the total freight payable it can be up to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods that are delayed, under the contract of carriage.Arbitrations & DisputesThe arbitration of these claims and general disputes would normally take place in a venue of the claimers preference. However, the place should be with in accordance to the stipulations mentioned. It should not be a place outside the State where the defendants business or residence is located. It can also take place in a State where the c ontract was signed or at the place of loading or unloading the goods. legal action may also be taken against the carrier in the same places mentioned above.It is better to insure the coffee beans before they are to be shipped onboard a vessel, due to the risks involved in transportation. Since the carriers have only cut back limitations, it does make sense to obtain insurance. Most carriers shipping from Sao Paulo to Durham, for instance Xiameter (2006) follows Carriage and Insurance Paid (CIP) delivery. Therefore, it is better to ship the coffee beans through a reputed carrier, in order to minimise risks and complete the shipping within a desired period of time.BibliographiesACE- Baracuda, Guide to Incoterms,http//www.ace-baracuda.com/template7.asp?pageid=26 (accessed at 23 April 2006)Admiralty and ocean Law Guide, International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (Hague Rules), and Protocol of Signature http//www.admiraltylawguide. com/conven/haguerules1924.html (accessed at 23 April 2006)Briel, E. (1947) International Straits A treatise on International law, Nyt Nordisk Forlag, Copenhagen.Brooks, M, (2000) Sea Change in Liner exaltation Regulation and Managerial Decision-Making in Global Industry, Pergamon press, Amsterdam.Brown, E.D. (1997) Law of Sea History. Bernhardt, R. (Ed), cyclopedia of Public International Law, Amsterdam, Northern Holland.Brugmann, G. (2003) Access to Maritime ports, Master of Laws (LLM), Books on Demand GmbH, Noderstedt, Germany.Caron, D. (1989) Ships, Nationality and Status. Bernhardt, R (Ed) Encyclopaedia of Public International law, Vol. 11, Amsterdam, Northern Holland.Lex Mercatoria knowledge on United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea 1978 http//www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.sea.carriage.hamburg.rules.1978/doc (accessed at 23 April 2006)ReferencesAdmiralty Law (2005) Hague-Visby Rules. open from http//www.admiraltyl aw.com/statutes/hague.html (accessed at 29 April 2006).Admiralty Law Guide (2006) Hague Rules. operable from http//www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/haguerules1924.html (accessed at 28 April 2006).Arnold, A (2003) Relocation Terminology. Available from http//www.aarnold.net/terminology.htm (accessed at 28 April 2006).Evans, J (2001) Law of International Trade, 3rd Edition, of age(predicate) Bailey Press, London.Cornell Law School. (2005) International Trade. Available from http//www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/International_trade (accessed at 29 April 2006).Export 911. Principles of Cargo Insurance. Available from http//www.export911.com/e911/ship/principl.htmxInstitute (accessed at 30 April 2006).Forwarder Law. Status of Seaway Bills. Available from http//www.forwarderlaw.com/library/view.php?article_id=237 (accessed at 30 April 2006).Fraud Aid. (2005) Documentary Credit. Available from http//www.fraudaid.com/Dictionary-of-Financial-Scam-Terms/documentary_credit.htm (accessed at 28 April 2006).International Business Institute. (2000) Incoterms 2000. Available from http//www.i-b-t.net/incoterms.html (accessed at 29 April 2006).Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Hague Rules of 1924. Available from http//www.oecd.org/document/41/0,2340,en_2649_34367_2086825_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed at 29 April 2006)(2006) Bill of Lading. Available from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_lading (accessed at 28 April 2006).Xiameter (2006) Incoterms 2000 Descriptions. Available from xiameter.com/content/bxrules/incoterms.pdf (accessed at 24 April 2006).

Japan Political System Essay

japan is a constitutional monarchy like British governing body, which is a parliamentary commonwealth country with ceremonial emperor butterfly. The Empire of Japan was dissolved in Japans 1947 constitution. After the get the best of Japan in the befriend World War, the Nipponese semi policy-making system was being constructed, which is based on the principles of sovereignty that respect human rights and the encouragement of peace. harmonize to detachment of mightinesss, the policy-making system of Japan offici whollyy divided into executive, legislative and discriminatory branches.This experiment will discuss and classify the political system of Japan, followed by the arguing whether Japan is better to describe as a democracy or a monarchy. The monarch, in other words, the Emperor is the draw of state and no womb-to-tomb holds a real power. The role Emperor of Japan is the image of the country and focuses for unity of the people. The go of political sympathies and Cabinet is the prime subgenus Pastor who holds the executive power. The prime minster has the right to nominate the Cabinet members. The Cabinet is quiet of prime minster and curates of state, which is responsible to the National victuals.The main political power is held by the prime minister and the elect members of the National provender. The prime minister is pick out with winning a majority vote in the National Diet through single-member plurality for a 4-year term. Single-member plurality refers the candidate win close to votes on the first in the option that only ballot in each single-member district. Legislative power is vested in the National Diet which consists of an amphetamine house, named the provide of Councillors, and a lower house, named the House of Representatives. The House of Councillors is composed of 242 members for 6-year term.The House of Representatives is the powerful house in National Diet and comprised of 480 members for 4-year term. The depicted object Diet is designated as the highest organ of state power that the political responsibility is mulish by choose legislature. Unlike the political system of Japan in wartime, the political responsibility was rested with the emperor and a cabinet (Ishida and Krauss 198939). The unconditional Court is the highest legal branch that is independent. The legal members ar nominated by the emperor with the agreement of prime minister and cabinet.The major function of peremptory Court is to settle the legal disputes by establishing juridic polices and rules for lower courts. The judicial conference consists of 15 members, which is responsible for decision-making about proposing rules and regulations and in charge of the familiar secretariats of the Supreme Courts (Itoh 201040-41). Japanese political system can be classified ad as democratic country. Liberal democracy refers a system of presidency that is elected through free and fair election and limited by law to place on the p ower of democratically elected government (Hague and Harrop 201084).For instance, The House of Representatives in comprised of 480 members. In 480 seats, 300 seats be elected from single-member voters and the other 180 seats are elected 11 multi-member voters by a system of proportional representation. Proportional representation essence the scrap of seats won by a party is proportionate to the pattern of votes received (Hague and Harrop 2010184). The House of Representatives can be dissolved by the no confidence vote of the Prime Minister or a Cabinet. 42 seats of the House of Councillors, 146 seats are elected by electoral district system and the remaining 96 seats are elected based on a proportional representation system (Schoppa 201147).A half of members from the House of Councillors are re-elected every three years by parallel voting system. Parallel voting is devil separate elections without appliance to get a proportional result (Diamond and Plattner 2006205). Another f eature of fully grown democracy is to prevent the government from becoming too powerful. The executive, legislative and judicial powers in Japans political system are separated.The judicial is totally independent (Dean 2002347). Unlike the independent judiciary in most of the western countries, the independent judiciary in Japan is the principle that judicial power of a state is to be implemented independently and passably by the courts (Goodman 2008191-193). Even the head of government cannot use his power to dominate the judicial system. The separation of power of Japans government is to eliminate the abuse of power. Moreover, based on the Article 20 of Japanese law, Japanese citizens are free to choose their religions.It reflects one of the features of liberal democracy that is to fit the minorities not being repressed by majority. For example, Christian cannot repress Muslin. every(prenominal) the people deserve equal chance to choose the religion. The advantage of separat ion of power is to prevent the members of the National Diet or the government bring forth too big and abuse the power. In addition, the different branches will bewilder the members from other branches. However, there are some drawbacks. The disadvantage of complying with separation of power affects the effectiveness of implementation of the legislation.The process of implementing the policy is rather rigid. One of the crucial features of liberal democracy is that the individual human rights are being guaranteed. According to article 21 the Japanese law, Japanese enthralls wide ranges of rights and freedoms. One of the rights and freedoms of the savor is that Japanese enjoys freedom of assembly and association as well as speech press and all other forms of expression are guaranteed (Foote 2007263). These are the examples of rights that should be guaranteed. Nevertheless, some people argue that whether is better describing Japan as a monarchy or a democracy.Japan still has the em peror as the head of state although it is a liberal democratic country with all the features about liberal democracy. A monarchy represents that a government is govern by only one single supreme hereditary ruler. The ruler held an absolute power in hand. The Japan in pre-wartime was a monarchy. The monarch is the emperor, know as Tenno, who had the whole political power to make the decisions of the whole country. However, the defeat of Second World War led to the Japans government reconstructed.The political system reform led to the change from a monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. The form of modern Japans government is belong to constitutional monarchy. That is different from a monarchy. Constitutional monarchy refers to separate out the duties of the head of state and the head of government. The head of state is only ceremonial in nature and their political power is very little, even they no longer have the political power. While the head of government is the prime minister a nd his cabinets, all the decisions of a country are drawn by the head of overnment and the national Diet.According to Aristotles the classification of governments (Kelsen 2009283), a government command by one ruler is monarchy while a government command by many rulers is a called democracy. The parliamentary government reflects that the government is ruled by all rulers, which is a democracy. Unlike a monarchy, is ruled by only one ruler. It is clearly show that Japan is better exposit as a democracy. Aristotles classification based on two dimensions which are the number of people involved governing. It captured the extent of involvement in a political system.Besides, the second dimension is whether rulers governed by common kindle or in their own interests. Although the emperor of Japan still exists, the emperor has no political power to control the government by himself. alone the head of government can exercise the political power and the national Diet is the highest decisio n-maker as the national Diet holds the most political power. Moreover, the political system of Japan is divided into three branches, including executive, judicial and legislative branches. all(prenominal) branches composed of a large group of people to make decisions and wish national activities.All the decisions are made by the constitution sort of of the emperor in Japan. As the emperor in Japan has no political power, Japan cannot be described as a monarchy. boilersuit speaking, Japan is a parliamentary government with ceremonial emperor and it is a liberal democracy based on the theory of Aristotle. Liberal democracy is free to express the views as well as the individual rights are being protected. In addition, people in Japan can enjoy freedom of expressions and they will have a free and fair election to select the preferred government.These are the main features of a liberal democracy. Furthermore, Japan is better to describe as a democracy rather than a monarchy. Since the emperor has no real political power and the government consists of a large group of people to handle different kinds of national activities, such(prenominal) as establish and pass new policy, international cooperation and make decisions. The political power of a country is being separated into different constitutions, which means all rulers, such as legislature, executive council and judicial courts, control the government.

Childhood Obesity: Causes, Effects and Current Solutions

Over the past 30 years babyhood obesity has been change magnitude at an alarming rate. With working p bents, technology, and processed foods children atomic number 18 cancel outing more(prenominal) and ar less active then ever seen in the past. corpulency is hitting youth so hard that health experts warn that this multiplication of children will be the first to declare a bun in the oven a shorter life expectation than their parents (After civilise Alliance, 2006). This paper is intended to explain current issues surrounding childhood obesity, and shift on some of the causes and effects of this pandemic.Also, touch on what some states and check districts are doing to tackle obesity at its source. These syllabuss and other ideas that are beingness implemented will be touched on with the intention to roleplay forth the importance of this issue that has been overlooked. There are umteen factors that could tot up to childhood obesity, some of the most common ones are t elevision and technology, public toilet foods, education, and habits taught at home. Alone, each one of these factors may not be something that would be the cause to obesity, barely together they form a dangerous cocktail.Todays contemporaries of children statistically do less activity then generations before 95% of students are essential to take physiologic education during school hours just now 65% of these students do not meet recommended levels of physical activity (The obesity Epidemic and United States Students, n. d. ). A contributing factor to this less physical generation could very well be television and technology. Younger generations are ever more dependent on technology they are honoring television and using computers more frequently.On average children are expense more than three hours a day watching television, playing videogames, or using a computer (The fleshiness Epidemic and United States Students, n. d. ). ascribable to this dependency, children and tee ns are moving less, and sitting in the same position for capacious stretches of time. some other contributing factor to obesity is convenience foods. The culture in which we live in today seems to grow an obsession with how fast things are, from cars to information, and straight food. The current problem with many fast foods and ready-to-eat meals is the amount of preservatives and give up calories that they cease. consume in moderation these foods are fine, and can satisfy the hunger of an individual, but some families consume convenience foods almost on a workaday basis. More households in America hold dual incomes, and after a long day of work parents tend to just pick up dinner rather than cooking meals. As Michelle Obamba stated, at that place were plenty of times when after a long day at work, when the fridge was empty and the kids were hungry, that I just ordered a pizza because it was easier (Nanci, n. d. ). In junto with inactivity, frequent consumption of conveni ence foods can result in tilt gain.Other factors that have been associated with weight gain in children are their parents, and schools. We as humans tend to learn habits and mannerisms from our parents, and when parents exhibit un salubrious eating and form habits their children are in all likelihood to follow in their foot grades. Genetics and behavior have been shown to contribute to weight gain parents and children gain weight in households shown to contain more energy-dense foods, and in household where parents are not physically active (Anderson, 2006).But parents arent the only individuals who have the finger pointed at them schools are similarly under the microscope for potential catalysts in the child obesity epidemic. Some plurality deliberate that health education in our school systems is not a priority for some districts. Currently only 69% of students are solicitd to take health education (The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students, n. d. ). Researchers belie ve that if health education is required of all students, then obesity rank may decrease. Schools are also tell to offer too many alternatives to healthy lunches through pitch machines.Individuals believe that by having these machines available, students are get sugary drinks and unhealthy snacks, and then consuming them during class hours. As a result of increased childhood obesity grade, healthcare rates have also increased. When children are obese they have a higher assay of becoming obese adults, and higher risks of developing diseases such as diabetes, center field disease, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. As a result to these complications, in a 30 year time span hospital cost resulting from obesity related complications have more than tripled (Afterschool Alliance, 2006).Other studies have shown that there is a relationship between students with poor academic performance and obesity. These studies have shown that male obese adolescents think they are bad stude nts and are likely to consider dropping out (Hunt, 2008). It is believed there is a direct inter-group communication between low self esteem and academic performance, and student who are obese tend to have low self esteem. Some school districts, states, and even the federal government are beginning to recognize how out-of- take in child obesity is.They have begun to offer solutions such as afterschool programs, physical education classes, healthier lunches, and even suggested as to where schools should be located. Afterschool programs have become extremely innovative in order to get children up and moving. Some of them compound tutoring with physical education, and health education, with the intent to larn children healthy habits for life others have local college and professional sports teams connect with schools to promote healthy living (Afterschool Alliance, 2006).Another way that schools have been taking the initiative to reduce obesity rates is by redesigning the school lu nch program. The National School Lunch program offers more nutritious alternatives for lunch, although there is no guarantee that children will eat more fruits and vegetables, but they are available (Ralston, 2008). Some schools unplug the vending machines during class hours to prevent children from unhealthy snacking during classes.Even the government is beginning to step in and offer suggestions as to how to solve childhood obesity, some of their suggestions are have schools within walking distance of residential neighborhoods, require schools to teach physical education, and discourage consumption of sugary beverages (Nanci, n. d. ). Although the childhood obesity epidemic is at its highest percentages in years, organizations are beginning to offer programs and suggestions as to how to control and reduce the issue. Although there are many causes to obesity they are broadly speaking excuses.It is imperative that parents take control of their childrens diet and activity level, and promote healthy living. Schools also need to take responsibility in the issue and require that children take physical education at every level, and also, schools need to instate heathland education classes. Solutions need to be set in place not only for health reason, but also for the academic and profession futures for todays youth. It is said that 46% of children will be overweight this year (Afterschool Alliance, 2006).This is the year to upgrade that statistic wrong and make an improvement in the culture of America. References Afterschool Alliance, W. (2006). Active Hours Afterschool childhood Obesity Prevention & Afterschool Programs. Issue Brief No. 24. Afterschool Alliance, Retrieved from ERIC database. Anderson, P. & Butcher, K. (2006). electric razorhood Obesity Trends and Potential Causes. Future of Children, 16 (1), 19-45. Retrieved from ERIC database. Hunt, J. (2008). Childhood Obesity and Academic Outcomes. crowd together B. Hunt Jr. Institute for Educational Leade rship and Policy.Retrieved from ERIC database. Nanci, H. (n. d). Michelle Obama to Fight Child Obesity at Grass Roots. USA Today, Retrieved from Academic Search chancellor database. Ralston, K. , Newman, C. , Clauson, A. , Guthrie, J. , Buzby, J. , & Economic Research Service. (2008). The National School Lunch Program Background, Trends, and Issues. ERS subject field Summary. US Department of Agriculture, Retrieved from ERIC database. The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_obesity. pdf

Kfc Strategy in China Essay

KFC continue to attach jam, pushing gamy Sichuan chicken Various cities in mainland China Kendejichuan naughty chicken on television ads starting from October 27 .10 scale appears, the intersectionion was launched. At the same time to market a product in China make another breakfast food, wolfberry Pumpkin porridge. The introduction of zesty Sichuan chicken only in the McDonalds face strategy of wiz month, and advertising intensity is very high, so we can respond to competition as this is a response to KFC. KFC continues the current strategy is cl early on its long-standing reparation strategy. Let us look back to his food with Chinese characteristics. Since 2000, KFC tastes have continued to try to figure out people, the introduction of a exemplary Chinese products, such as a half fried wings, leaf mustard pork soup, cold Daoxiang mushroom rice, chicken roll of old Beijing, Guangdong, cushions tittle-tattle meat flavor. Average Each month, KFC will launch the long-term or short-term localized products.KFC The Sichuan Spicy chicken learn the essence of Sichuan, the pickaxe of the side ribs and chicken wings, chicken processing into small pieces of bone, and then exercising a special hot pepper powder, chicken marinade, preserved, upon frying , spicy and delicious, with rich flavors of Sichuan. KFC seems to have been determined to make Chinas octad major cuisines are the reorganization. In other aspects, the pace of the same dense jam Kentucky. 1, KFC in China, the proportion of local procurement of raw materials reached 95%, of which bread, chicken and vegetables all come from China itself. 2, 2003 Chinese New Year, from early January to February 9, white beard, Kentucky grandfather changed the usual suit, the classic image of more than one hundred seventy cities in China, 800 restaurants, also put on the traditional Chinese pass costumes.3, the layout of KFCs stores have begun to melt a lot of elements such as China. Of course, more Chinese p eople speaking, turns KFC has introduced a typical Chinese work and Chinese food is more characteristic of the food of concern. Localization of the product and did not weaken the image of foreign brands KFC. Some experts pointed out that tends to localization refers to the multinational corporations in maintaining the classic status of the product or serve up main premise, the countrys situation with due regard to progress to a local natural and cultural environment similar to the championship environment to attract more local consumers. both globalization and localization, the localization of the pace of building a compact KFC brand in China is becoming a core strategy of this company one.

Marine pollution

Introduction of man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the ocean environment (including estuaries) resulting in such harmful effects as harm to living resources, hazard to human health, verification to marine activities including fishing, impairment of quality for use of sea- peeing, and reduction of amenities. Marine contamination occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the naval of chemicals, particles, industrial, outlandish and residential raging, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine ollution be land based. In the past many substances were recklessly dumped in the ocean and it was assumed that they could be easily absorbed without any damage to the marine environment. Ocean dumping includes such materials as sewage sludge, industrial drive away, explosives, and peculiarly huge quantities of dredge spoils.Marine pollution includes a range of threats including from land-based source s, oil spills, untreated sewage, heavy siltation, eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), Invasive species, persistent organic pollutants (POPS), heavy metals from mine tailings and other sources, cidification, radioactive substances, marine litter, overfishing and destruction of coastal and marine habitats There ar three main types of inputs of pollution into the ocean Direct discharge of waste into the oceans, =Pollutants enter rivers and the sea directly from urban sewerage and industrial waste discharges, sometimes in the form of hazardous and toxic wastes. ining for copper, gold. etc. , is another(prenominal) source of marine pollution. Most of the pollution is simply soil, which ends up in rivers flowing to the sea. Runoff into the waters due to rain, Surface runoff from farming, as well as urban runoff and runoff from the construction of roads, buildings, ports, channels, and harbours, faeces carry soil and particles laden with one C, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals.Thi s nutrient-rich water can cause leaden algae and phytoplankton to thrive in coastal aras, known as algal blooms, which nave the potential to create hypoxic conditions by using all available group O Pollutants that are released from the atmosphere =Wind winded dust and debris, including plastic bags, are blown seaward from landfills and other areas. Climate change is raising ocean temperatures and raising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These rising levels of carbon dioxide are acidifying the oceans.This, in turn, is altering aquatic ecosystems and modifying fish distributions, with impacts on the sustainability of fisheries and the livelihoods of the communities that depend on them Ships pollution Ships can defile waterways and oceans in many ways. Oil spills can have devastating effects. era being toxic to marine life, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean p, and last for years in the sedimentation and m arine environment. Major effect- Impairment of marine life.Plankton, esp. neuston at highest risk undetermined to water soluble components leaching from oil. In Mangroves lenticels clogged with oil group O level in sediments drops death. Discharge of cargo residues from bulk carriers can defile ports, waterways and oceans. In many instances vessels intentionally discharge illegal wastes despite unusual and domestic regulation prohibiting such actions. It has been estimated that container ships lose over 10,000 containers at sea each year (usually during storms).Ships also create noise pollution that disturbs innate(p) wildlife Ballast water taken up at sea and released in port is a major source of unwanted exotic marine life. The invasive freshwater zebra mussels, native to the Black, Caspian and Azov seas, were probably transported to the Great Lakes via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel Invasive species can take over once occupied areas, facilitate the spread of ov erbold diseases, introduce new genetic material, alter underwater seascapes and Jeopardize the ability of native species to maintain food.

Development of Egyptian Pyramids from Sumerian Ziggurats Essay

The Egyptian pyramid structures represent a great range of refining techniques that have been used in various other parts such(prenominal) as in Rome and Greece. This is despite the fact that the eventual architectural construction of pyramids in Egypt took place in slow transitional go during the 3rd transition to a unique Egyptian character and permanency in the 4th dynasty although the idea was brought to Egypt by the Mesopotamians (Isler 90).The original idea came from the structures of the Ziggurats that atomic number 18 of various sizes and whose bases range from 20 meters on the side and 90 meters on a side. They atomic number 18 usually very high synagogues make on a platform of adobe brick with a series of platforms that create a stepped pyramid. They are therefore of major importance as they are generally used for city planning and are dedicated to the god or goddess of the citys patron. This is a major form of civilization which was introduced in Mesopotamia throu gh the epic journey of Gilgamesh in 2700 B.C who later on built the city of Uruk (Hooker par. 3-6). His account which was inscribed in some of the oldest and earliest tablets existed in the first place those provided on the pyramid texts. Since the structure of ziggurats does non have a particular definition, the staged towers which possess consciously constructed stages are generally referred to as ziggurats. They are mainly found in the area of Mesopotamia. The siak ziggurat dates back to 5500 B. C although it is not yet clear what was anciently used to classify structures as ziggurats.Most temples on accumulated ruins were the original staged towers even though the stages which were made of accumulated ruins were not constructed for the tower. Hence the structures are only referred to as ziggurats when the stages are constructed and modeled after the piled up ruins. Some of their functions arise since they were built as a representation of mountain to offer protection for th e temple against floods, and religiously they appear in the form of unity since they form a place where the gods dwell.There are a number of evidences that the Egyptian pyramids borrowed their create techniques from the Sumerian ziggurats. For instance, the ziggurats and typically the elamite ziggurat exhibit a striking semblance (Isler, 32) and are similar in shape to the early Egyptian pyramids or so especially the step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara except that they do not possess a sanctuary at its apex and had a form of internal tunnels and chambers (World Mysteries par. 3) .In addition, they date some years later than the earliest ziggurats as the great pyramid dates back to around 2500 B. C. The architectural forms of the pyramid began as a simple mastaba which was built in several stages. This step pyramid is a product of the Egyptian third base dynasty which was simultaneous with the early dynastic period in Mesopotamia (Walton par. 1-5). However, they are built by use o f mud bricks, a technique developed in Palastine in the Neolithic period and not in Mesopotamia.The civilization in Egypt which is accompanied by the technique of building pyramid tombs is a characteristic of concern about death and the search for immortality. This is because they were worried about the record of death and the hope for survival after death, a factor gain by Gilgamesh when he discovers the fateful truth that death awaits every mortal (Smart 201-203). Works Cited Hooker, R. Gilgamesh. 6 June 1999. 24 August 2010 . Isler, M.Sticks, stones, and shadows building the Egyptian pyramids. USA, okay University of Oklahoma Press, 2001. 32-90. John H. Walton. Is there archaeological evidence of the Tower of Babel? 2001. 24 August 2010 . par. 1-5 Smart, N. The Worlds Religions, 2nd Ed. USA Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1998. 201-203. World Mysteries. The time of the Great Pyramid. 2009. 24 August 2010 .

Health Care Information Systems Essay

Health Cargon study Systems wrongDefine the following considerations. Your definitions must(prenominal) be in your own language do not copy them from the textbook.After you define each term, experience in 40 to 60 words the wellness grapple place in which each term would be applied. Include at to the lowest degree two research sources to support your positionone from the University Library and the former(a) from the textbook. Cite your sources in the References section consistent with APA guidelines.Term Definition How It Is call in Health Care Health Insurance Portability and This is a federal official official law that was passed in HIPAA is utilize in Health care to wait on keep Accountability Act 1996 that go away protect the continuousness persevering role of cultivation private and impregnable. of health coverage when a patient changes HIPPA ensures that any patient health or loses their job which tramp limit the culture is being stored in a secure health plan exclusions for exist location and only authorized staff should medical conditions that require the patientbe able to access this training. If this medical data to be unbroken private and information is not protected the health secure. care establishment can governing body fines and penalties (Wager,, Lee,, Glaser,, & Burns,, 2009). This term depart be applied to the all health care adroitness. Electronic medical get downIs an electronic temperament of a patients The electronic medical phonograph enroling go out be used health related information which can be in the health care make upting each and every give rised, gathered, and managed by time the patient visits the health care authorized clinicians and staff deep down the institution. This is how suppliers are health care organization. able to keep up with the work and procedures that patients receive every time they are seen by a provider. This term get out be used I billing and coding and departments as well as medical translates that whitethorn need to check patient status or allergies. Electronic health record Is an electronic record of health related The electronic health record is a record information on an individual that conforms that can be seen at quadruplicate health care to nationally recognized health informationfacilities at one time. When this standards and that can be created, managed,information is sent to several(predicate) providers and rewrite by authorized staff in more it is encrypted in the incident virtuallyone that than one location. is not authorized has access to it they will not get patient information that should be private. Personal health record Is an electronic record of health related Personal health record is the healthrecord information on a patient. This information of the patient which the patient has can come from different facilities that control over. The patient can get h ealth the patient may have been seen at. And the information from different providers and information can be managed, shared, and share this information as they see fit. The controlled by the patient. private health record may have some health information that the patient may feel the new provider does not need to see in order to treat them. This will be for the patient to disclose with the provider and then the provider may add this information to the patients chart. Computerized provider order entry system Is a system that allows users to This computerized provider entry system electronically write orders, swear the lets providers monitor the patients online medication administration record, medication distribution. Providers and and go over changes made to an order by authorized staff are able to write authorized personnel. prescription drugs for patients and track previous prescriptions. Providers will be able to see how long its been since t hey filled a prescription for a patient.This will be applied at the health care organization. Unique patient identifier Is a system that uses information such as The unique patient identifier lets the patients date of birth to create a providers look at patient health care unique code that is reported instead of theinformation without having to use patient patients name. personal information to identify them. This helps the organization stay in compliance since according to HIPAA all patient information must be secure and kept private. This will be used any place in the health care organization where a patients chart will need to pulled or looked up. protect health information Is any identifiable health information. Protected health information is the Individually identifiable health patients personal information such as date information is that which can be linked to of birth social security number and even a particular person such as date of birth, their address where they reside.This address, and social security number. information needs to be in a secure location at all times. The data entry person will have access to this information as well as the billers and coders in a health care organization. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Is a federal way within the United The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid States Department of Health and Human Services set the pace on how and what other(a) Services that administers the Medicare insurance companies will be expected to program and work in Medicaid. cover depending on the patients plan. This will be used all over the health care facility to make sure everyone is always in compliance with state and federal laws. Covered entities Is three specific groups including health With covered entities this will habituate to plans, health care, clearinghouses, and anyone who is authorized to access patient health care providers that distribute h ealth information and is sharing patient health information electronically. with other parties inside and outside of the health care organization.Is information is used unsuitably the health care organization will be responsible and could face penalties and fines. Health information exchange Is the process of sharing electronic healthHealth information exchange can happen when information betwixt health care two health care organizations or facilities organizations. When sharing this need to share information about a patient information staff should make sure they are(Morrisey, 2011). Depending on how the sharing in a way that will protect the information is sent it must be encrypted so confidentiality and privacy of the patient.hackers are able to identify the information being transferred. ReferencesMorrisey, J. (2011). Health Information Exchange. Retrieved fromhttp//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/854861185?accountid=358 12Wager,, K., Lee,, F.W., Glaser,, J.P., & Burns,, L.R. (2009). Health Care Information Systems. APractical Approach for health Care Management (2nd ed.). Retrieved from .

Pre-Interview Essay

Pre-interview Essay 30/01/2013 I would like to follow the CELTA course for preferably a few indicates. To begin with, and more importantly, I want to do the course so as to obtain the right qualifications for and face tutor. I think that the CELTA course can provide me, not only with the unavoid commensurate teaching skills, but also with the highest knowledge of the subject.Moreover, if one already has the teaching and skills needed this course gives him the opportunity to keep up to date with the slope language, because as it is widely known language, in general, keeps evolving and changing. Another important reason that makes me want to follow the course is the fact that CELTA diploma is recognized thru bug out the world. That is a wide advantage as one has the opportunity to progress to at almost any country he desires.Needless to say that this is of great benefit not only to ones teaching regard but to him as a person, as he will be able to broaden his horizons by mee ting new educational systems and cultures. I believe that I would be a roaring teacher of the English language because I am very interested in it, therefore, I would constantly try to enrich my knowledge around it and do my top hat to be up to date, not only with the language itself but with educational systems so that my students would get the best education possible from me.I am of the thought that you must love what you do so as to be undecomposed at it and teaching is what I love. Other than that, I feel that I am the kind of person that can pass his knowledge to the others. I am friendly and easy-going which makes people around me feel comfortable and able to trust me. On the other hand, I am very form and focused on my goals, even a little bit of a control freak which I believe make me better at what I do and are some important qualities for a successful teacher.

Compare different possible readings Essay

Compargon assorted possible readings of the characters of Gertrude and Ophelia. What impact would different interpretations have on the play as a whole? You ability like in particular to consider what difference would be make to a production of the play if the female characters were presented as strong in themselves, or as weak and in the control of others. What would be your prefer reading? Why?It is inarguable that the two females with most ascertain through with(predicate)out Hamlet are Ophelia and Gertrude, they are, after all, the lone(prenominal) females Their position as the only two women in the play immediately marks them out as non-typical characters Hamlet is a play centred around a struggle for the ass of Denmark, and the fact that the fortissimo and influence of these characters is a matter of some meditate adds to the complexities that make Hamlet the play that it is. Two fairly major characters inside the play posses a seemingly small influence upon the eventu al outcome.The characters have, at first glance, little effect upon the major events of the play, and it is only through their fundamental interaction with the male cast that they have any real influence. This is what makes the question of the strength of their character such a pivotal one it is very balmy to portray them as weak, and under the influence of their male peers, but if they are perceived as strong characters, it may become apparent that, through manipulation of the men around them, they have far more influence on proceedings than was first assumed.Often, particular in mid twentieth century interpretations of the play, Ophelia is portrayed as a very weak character, fulfilling the staple fibre role of women of her time interest the will of her father, and waiting on the course of her sometime lover, Hamlet. The relationship with between them is one of the defining points of the flip over over Ophelia being weak (or not).This is particularly the case when considering the issue of her refusal of small t accepts advances. When portrayed as weak, Ophelia is often visibly scared of settlement when he is in the depths of his apparent madness. Her confusion at Hamlets reaction to her go his remembrances is an adequate demonstration of Ophelia fulfilling her role as an ear for the male characters to talk to. In this role she is little more than a plot device, with her cobblers last being the catalyst for the eventual conclusion of the play.If, however, Ophelias role is taken as that of a strong, and intelligent woman, the situation is suddenly rendered almost tout ensemble different whereas before, it would be assumed Ophelia was acting against her will, due to her father, either polish the relationship unwillingly, or ending a non-existent relationship (pretending that she was involved with Hamlet, when in fact she was not) in order to further her fathers seeking of Claudius favour, she is now acting for herself, and ending her liaisons with hamlet for a personal motive. She is no longer confused and afraid of Hamlets reaction except playing out the role she feels she must.A differ Ophelia may static be seen as being influenced by those around her, this time she is following advice though, Laertes having already warned her of the fickle nature of Hamlet. In this case, she is merely taking matters into her own hands, and acting out of her own self interest, thereby asserting herself as a character who interacts with those around her, compared to merely taking orders and passing messages.

Development Of Appraisal And Reward System

remunerate outline is an instilled component of the personality of every man he is a tripartite being with a spirit living in a body, and a soul. He thinks, feels, decides and acts. These are the elements of gentleman interaction either at home or in any other organization. This corpse has tenacious been proven by brain biologist and psychologists to be of paramount employ in the training of a responsible and effective. This is further confirmed by the nature of outputs produced by organizations that have harnessed this for industrial use Wilson, 2003.The deferred payment of intuitive input to the productiveness of an organization, and the subsequent satisfy of such(prenominal) has and so advanced the course of man at whole levels of human administration. Really, its greatness dissolve non be overemphasized in this age of competitive rail line market. There are specific and pragmatic ways of establishing this amiable outline into the companys mainstream activity this is the main focus of this article. IMPORTANCE OF assessment AND AWARD SYSTEM This is a global age an age where the greathearted world is shirked into a small global village.Innovations are emerging daily. Alls spheres of human endeavor are advancing at millennial speed. In this age, in that respect is intense take care for talents and skills that basis maintain such developments or excellence, and as well even work on them to produce better. This has created keen competition in the labor market, and every company knows the value of its high-output workers, and would never want to wild them. It is this that has made performance and character based appraisal and reward system more of the essence(p) to the endurance of any enterprise than ever earlier in the history of man.Every one wants the best. The search for the best leaves no space for inefficiency, as the best must be delivered by employees. Companies have in any case inculcated diversity into their mission statemen t to accommodate enough space for this search for the best, and retaining those who have also proven to be of optimum impact to the activities of the organization. The construct of diversity has thrown appraisal and reward into a bigger beautify for employees ready to give their best to their chosen area of influence at work.In this case, the impact of encouraging an effort geared in this direction is of cessation importance and can not be overlooked. Leading organization in any known industry, and even new inclusions understand the place of recognizing and prize ingenuity by company employees targeted at improving customer reliever or better service delivery. Great managers and leaders do grant that humans can deliver beyond their present status if notwithstanding they are encouraged by a liable means. A barbarian who receives boost at home from his parents usually performs better that one that does not enjoy such privilege.It is an inherent pauperization of man, that his potential can be better harnessed with tangibly significant appreciation. In the presence of a credible and fair reward system, employees have a basic encouragement to deliver their best to the Company, in their capacity. They can afford to stretch themselves with their expansible limit to meet deadlines, increase potency and productivity, deliver more economic and customer-friendly service because there would be a reward for their labor. This leads to increase productivity for the Company.This productivity is relative to the Company product. Even religious organizations understand this as they promise more blessings for obedient servants. This system, if properly put in place, heightens soul of responsibility of the employee and creates a working(a) bond that may not be easy to break. With a fair intend, there is increased interest in Company acts, mission, plans and goals. This created a better working environment for them, and there is increased trust and more fruitful hum an relationships in the Company. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEMA system that recognizes human inputs and quality ideas directed at optimal productivity, improved working environment and human relations, confidence and pro change courseability of a company, and significantly rewards such via credible and fair techniques is referred to as an appraisal and reward system its effectiveness is enhanced as all participants, employees and managers, understand its office and are gathered to make useful contribution towards achieving the set goals. A good plan is based on a combination of performance and character John Bill.Its development involves steps outlined below DEFINITION OF PURPOSE It is all important(p) to take down with a well-defined purpose. Purpose of the system is clearly outlined from the outset. This is seen to be consistent with the Mission statement of the Company in writing and dominion it is communicated to employees and is also broken into smaller units called Goals. It is in bringing such purpose down into those achievable units that they show pragmatism and spur workers to work Gallup. COMPANY INTERACTIONS/COMMUNICATIONThis involves a forum through which such system is communicated to participants in clear and perceivable terms. Suggestions and quality ideas are welcomed on the plan and execution of the plan. This also affords an fortune to for skill acquisition and training geared at achieving the Purpose. Really, this is inevitable to the survival of the program Communication should not be a once-and-for-all thing it need be continuous. In this way and at any point in the course of organizations work, there is a location, personality or unit constantly refreshing peoples mind close to the program.This keeps the spirit alive. GOALS This should be SMART Stipulated and Stimulating, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound. With effective communication, employees understand and can work toward them. With those criteria, goals are closer to the heart and easier to handle at work. It is important to combine an insightful technique in drawing such goals this is easier when everybody- all participants are part of the decision making. IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE This is the most important of all.If purpose is then and goals are made with effective communication and there is no CREDIBLE AND FAIR structure to implement the plans, then the solving can be easily guessed there would be result at all. Therefore, it is important for the structure to be credible and fair in such a way that the criteria for adjudging performance is well-stipulated and combine quantitative and qualitative means. No element of subjectivity should be seen because this is the major worry of employees. If there is no open and transparent objectivity in the implementation, the program would fail.This structure is racy to the success of the program it could be created as another committee only when or a unit per session ups that would oversee the acti vities of workers at assorted levels. It would also be interested in accurately informing unit members about the nature, category and suffice of reward. This would remove the excuse of inaccurate development and promote trust in the system. CATEGORISATION It is important for a compartmentalization of the Purpose and goals into specific committee or section where people of distinguishable work experience and exposure status can accurately fit in.This is to ensure that there is space for everyone, and a chance to be recognize as diligent. No one should be left out. Company products can also be categorized, with respectively competent employee. This is to ensure equal statistical distribution of work based on talent, skills, and companys expectation. REWARDS There should be a stated method of rewards and it should be both significant and tangible. contract is not enough reward. Such tools that can be employed hold by compensation, awards or increase in base line salary.The last mentioned is widely appraised, and is best effective when the incentive is about 25% of the service line pay. Such should also be done with a short level of time. REVIEW It is important to review the activities of program, it impact on the organization and its lustrous dividends at regular intervals. This would sustain and strength awareness of and confidence in the program. CONCLUSION All companies need a n appraisal and reward system, as ways of maximizing their workers input. This system affects all aspects of an organization.It is inevitable in this global and highly competitive age. Such can be realised with defined purpose broken into goals, communicated to all participants under a credible and fair structure which is regularly reviewed for productivity. Gold companies retain best workers, and lure others by such means. It is no loss to any business at all. BIBILIOGRAPHY Wilson, Thomas. Innovative Reward systems for the changing workplace John, Bill Reward and Appraisal. http//www. accaglobal. com/students/study_exams/qualifications/acca_choose/acca/ rudiments/ab/technical_articles/2944835Performance Based Reward system Accessed from www. performance-appraisal. com/rewards. htm Performance Reward and Compensation. Accessed from http//www. gallupconsulting. com/content/? ci=58 Performance and Reward Accessed from Peter Scott www. peterscottconsult. co. uk/briefings/yourpartnerrewardsystem. doc effective performance appraisal system. Accessed from www. allacademic. com/meta/p154789_index. hypertext mark-up language Effective Employee development Program http//www. maritz. com/employee_recognition_awards. html